Immune Response and Immunity The Good Fight

Immune Response An immune response is when your body’s B-cells make antibodies against a particular antigen

What is an antigen? Antigen = any substance capable of triggering an immune response Ex: bacteria, viruses, cells from another person, etc. Antigen = any substance capable of triggering an immune response Ex: bacteria, viruses, cells from another person, etc.

What is an antibody? Antibody = a protein made by B-cells that binds to an antigen and inactivates it - antibodies recognize a matching antigen like a lock recognizes a key

Immunity  Immunity = the production of antibodies and specialized cells that bind to and inactivate antigens

Types of Cells 1. Phagocyte: type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign cells 2. Macrophage: type of phagocyte that engulfs bacteria 3. B cells: type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies

More cells… 4. Helper T cells: assists B cells to develop into antibody producing plasma cells and can activate killer T-cells to divide 5. Killer T cells: type of T cell that binds to cell membrane of foreign cells and causes the cell to leak out fluid and thus kills it

Types of Immunity 1.Active = your own B-cells make antibodies, your B-cells will remember how to make antibody. - this is permanent immunity

2.Passive = you get an injection of another person’s antibodies or antibodies made by an animal - This is borrowed immunity and lasts only a short time - Get antibodies through mother’s milk 2.Passive = you get an injection of another person’s antibodies or antibodies made by an animal - This is borrowed immunity and lasts only a short time - Get antibodies through mother’s milk

Vaccine = dead or weakened viruses or bacteria that are injected into the body to produce an immune response

Blood Types: Antigens and Antibodies Four major human blood types: A B AB O Four major human blood types: A B AB O

Blood type depends on the presence or absence of 2 antigens on the surface of your red blood cells

Type A blood: has A antigen on the red blood cell, has B antibodies Type B blood: has B antigen on the red blood cell, has A antibodies Type A blood: has A antigen on the red blood cell, has B antibodies Type B blood: has B antigen on the red blood cell, has A antibodies

Type AB blood: has A and B antigens on the red blood cell, has neither antibody Type O blood: has no antigens on the red blood cell, has A and B antibodies Type AB blood: has A and B antigens on the red blood cell, has neither antibody Type O blood: has no antigens on the red blood cell, has A and B antibodies

Blood Donation Blood types must be compatible. AB is considered the universal recipient O is considered the universal donor