IN CANCER MOLECULAR DETECTION. WHAT DO THEY DETECT? Specific proteins Expression of certain genes Mutations Epigenetic Changes.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Methylation, Acetylation and Epigenetics
Advertisements

1. What is the Central Dogma? 2. How does prokaryotic DNA compare to eukaryotic DNA? 3. How is DNA organized in eukaryotic cells?
Chapter 19 The Organization and Control of Eukaryotic Genomes.
EPIGENETICS AND CANCER JILLIAN FROELICK, GRACE LEMPP, NIKHIL UMESH, PAIGE TUMMONS.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) - gene location. Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Molecular defect.
Gene Regulation results in differential Gene Expression, leading to cell Specialization Eukaryotic DNA.
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Chapter 18. Gene expression A gene that is expressed is “turned on”. It is actively making a product (protein or RNA). Gene.
Chapter 19 The Organization and Control of Eukaryotic Genomes.
DNA Methylation in Histone H3.3 Lysine to Methionine Mutants Ellie Degen with Stefan Lundgren, Siddhant Jain and Dr. Peter W. Lewis UW Department of Biomolecular.
GENE REGULATION ch 18 CH18 Bicoid is a protein that is involved in determining the formation of the head and thorax of Drosophila.
Regulating Eukaryotic Gene Expression. Why change gene expression? Different cells need different components Responding to the environment Replacement.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Chapter 17 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition.
Ch 15 -.Gene Regulation  Prokaryote Regulation Operon * not found in eukaryotes Operon * not found in eukaryotes Regulator gene = codes for repressor.
Gene Expression. Cell Differentiation Cell types are different because genes are expressed differently in them. Causes:  Changes in chromatin structure.
Chapter 18. Transcription Operon Operon: cluster of related genes with on/off switch Three Parts: 1.Promoter – where RNA polymerase attaches 2.Operator.
 Bacteria constantly release signal molecules  If cell density is not big enough  nothing happens  Threshold density  all bacteria simultaneously.
Mutational analysis of 35 bladder cancer cell lines using RNA-seq.
Melanie Tavone. Curriculum Expectations D3.3 explain the steps involved in the process of protein synthesis and how genetic expression is controlled in.
Histone Methyltransferases: Global Industry Report for Research Tools, Diagnostics and Drug Discovery
CHAPTER 19 THE ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF EUKARYOTIC GENOMES Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section D: The.
Eukaryotic Gene Control. Gene Organization: Chromatin: Complex of DNA and Proteins Structure base on DNA packing.
Chromatin Structure:  Tightly bound DNA less accessible for transcription  DNA methylation: methyl groups added to DNA; tightly packed;  transcription.
Gene Expression and Regulation. There are 23 pairs of CHROMOSOMES in a human body cell. On each chromosome, there are thousands of GENES. Each gene codes.
DNA Methylation + Epigenetics
Outline Molecular Cell Biology Assessment Review from last lecture Role of nucleoporins in transcription Activators and Repressors Epigenetic mechanisms.
7.2(2) Regulation of Gene Expression. Important Terms Gene expression Gene regulation Epigenetics Genotype Phenotype Lac operon Nucleosomes Methylation.
Gene expression in prokaryotes. Operon system One promoter can regulate many genes ?What about eukaryotes.
Cancer. Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle Caused by one or more of the following: Increase in growth signals Loss of inhibitory signals In addition,
Gene Expression (Epigenetics) Chapter 19. What you need to know The functions of the three parts of an operon. The role of repressor genes in operons.
Genetics of Cancer. Fig Signaling cell DNA Nucleus Transcription factor (activated) Signaling molecule Plasma membrane Receptor protein Relay proteins.
Warm up  1. How is DNA packaged into Chromosomes?  2. What are pseudogenes?  3. Contrast DNA methylation to histone acetylation (remember the movie.
(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?
Karyotyping Cancer.
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
Molecular Genetics: Part 2B Regulation of metabolic pathways:
Lecture #8 Date _________
Regulation of Gene Expression
Gene Expression.
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression
Transcription and Gene Regulation
Chapter 13 Regulation of Gene Expression Title
Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Activity
محاضرة عامة التقنيات الحيوية (هندسة الجينات .. مبادئ وتطبيقات)
Concept 18.5: Cancer results from genetic changes that affect cell cycle control The gene regulation systems that go wrong during cancer are the very same.
Topic 7: The Organization and Control of Eukaryotic Genomes
Lecture #8 Date _________
Daily Warm-Up Thursday, January 9th
B lymphocytes produce antibodies.
Dan Gordon  Gastroenterology  Volume 114, Issue 4, (April 1998)
Regulation of Gene Expression
BIOLOGY 12 Cancer.
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression
Eukaryotic Genomes: The Organization and Control.
Cancer.
Review Warm-Up What is the Central Dogma?
Epigenetics Heritable alteration of gene expression without a change in nucleotide sequence.
FANCF methylation contributes to chemoselectivity in ovarian cancer
Review Warm-Up What is the Central Dogma?
Review Warm-Up What is the Central Dogma?
Unit III Information Essential to Life Processes
The p27Kip1 tumor suppressor gene: Still a suspect or proven guilty?
Small Molecules, Big Effects: A Role for Chromatin-Localized Metabolite Biosynthesis in Gene Regulation  Bryan A. Gibson, W. Lee Kraus  Molecular Cell 
Epigenetics modification
Non coding DNA Coding Not all DNA codes for a polypeptide to be made May have another useful function Non-coding sequences of DNA e.g. STRs Another example:
Regulation of Gene Expression
Figure 2 Histone acetylation regulates gene expression
Pan-cancer genome and transcriptome analyses of 1,699 paediatric leukaemias and solid tumours By: Anh Pham.
Epigenetics.
Presentation transcript:

IN CANCER MOLECULAR DETECTION

WHAT DO THEY DETECT? Specific proteins Expression of certain genes Mutations Epigenetic Changes

SPECIFIC PROTEINS Wide range of proteins that can be detected Wide variety of tests that can be done Absence or Presence of proteins: Biuret Test Detect levels of proteins: immunoturbidimetry [1]

EXPRESSION OF GENES Determine which genes are expressed from RNA in the cells RNA is purified Converted to DNA Fluorescent! The more RNA, the brighter the sample. [2]

MUTATIONS Detect mutations in proteins Similar in technique to the detection of expression of genes [3]

EPIGENETIC CHANGES Determining epigenetic changes: DNA methyltransferase activity Density of chromatin Histones Promoter methylation [3]

WHY? Many molecules are up regulated in cancer cells or only appear in cancer cells Eg. Mutant proteins, such as Ras Eg. Growth receptor proteins Some genes are methylated in cancer Tumor suppressor genes Many things are mutated to give cancer cells an edge Eg. Protein p53

MOLECULAR SPIES

REFERENCES detection.html detection.html ml ml [1] 13.pdf pdf 37.pdf 37.pdf [2] [2 [3] [3 ml [4] ml