*every map projection stretches or breaks the curved surface of Earth in some way as it is flattened *distance, direction, shape, or area may be distorted *Describe the negative and positive attributes of the following maps:

1. Physical Maps – show topography (shape) of earth’s physical features 2. Political Maps – show boundaries between countries WE WILL TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT DIFFERENT GENERAL AND SPECIAL PURPOSE MAPS LATER ON.

The acronym TODALSIGSs defines nine essential elements to help map users get the most information from a map.

-first thing you should look at

-refers to directions -shown by compass rose (Or Star) *cardinal directions = N, S, E, & W * intermediate directions = NW, NE, SW, & SE

-date helps us judge accuracy of the map -date usually down here too

-list that explains symbols in the map

-shows relationship between map measurements and actual distances

-alphabetical list of places shown on a gridded map or set of maps (gives addresses of places listed)

-set of intersecting lines (parallels and meridians)

-used if information not obtained by direct experience or observation -identifies places or features that border the area depicted on a map  If you were looking at a map of the US, you would see Canada and Mexico labeled, but you may not see any detail at all.

1. small scale maps -large area with little/small detail

2. large scale maps -small area with great/large detail