22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI CCNA Discovery Curriculum Review Networking for Home and Small Businesses Chapter 5: Network Addressing

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Disclaimer  This review is not a comprehensive learning model of the curriculum!  It is intended for chapter pre-exam prep, or post exam review.  Using this presentation as your sole source of teaching or learning will not provide all the information you need to be successful in the Cisco Networking Academy.  All materials, images, text, and content unless noted remains the licensed property of the Cisco Networking Academy.  Please report all errors as soon as possible to:

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Objectives  Describe the purpose of an IP address and Subnet Mask and how they are used on the Internet.  Describe the types of IP Addresses available.  Describe the methods of obtaining an IP Address.  Describe the use of NAT on a home or small business network using an Integrated Router.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI ICG: Section 5.1

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI IP Addresses and Subnet Masks  A host needs an IP address to access the Internet.  An IP address is a logical network address that identifies a particular host.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI IP Addresses and Subnet Masks  The 32-bit IP address is defined with IPv4

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI IP Addresses and Subnet Masks  Hosts on the same LAN must have the same logical addressing network numbers

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI IP Addresses and Subnet Masks  A subnet mask using logical ANDing to determine the network portion of any IPv4 address.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI ICG: Section 5.2

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Types of IP Addresses  IP addresses are grouped into 5 classes:

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Types of IP Addresses  RFC 1918 Private IP Addresses  “Solves” the issue of finite number of public IP addresses

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Types of IP Addresses  RFC1918 addresses cannot travel across the Internet.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Types of IP Addresses  Unicast destination IP and MAC addresses are intended for a specific host.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Types of IP Addresses  Multicast IP and MAC addresses  MAC begins with E hex

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Types of IP Addresses  A Broadcast packet contains a destination IP address with all ones (1s) in the host portion.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI ICG: Section 5.3

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI How IP Addresses are Obtained  Static

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI How IP Addresses are Obtained  Dynamic  If the host is powered down or taken off the network, the address is returned to the pool for reuse.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI How IP Addresses are Obtained  DHCP servers dynamically assign IP addresses

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI How IP Addresses are Obtained  DHCP Discover message  A client request for an IP address  Destination IP address of (32 ones)  Destination MAC address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF (48 ones)

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI ICG: Section 5.4

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Address Management  Routers provide a gateway through which hosts on one network can communicate with hosts on different networks.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Address Management  ISP vs. ISR addresses

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Address Management  NAT translates an internal private IP into a public IP  Internal addresses protected from outside hacks!

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI Summary  IP addresses are unique 32-bit addresses grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets.  IP addresses use a two-part hierarchical structure of network bits and host bits.  IP addresses and subnet masks are used by routers to determine the network location of hosts.  IP addresses are grouped into classes according to the number of bits used for designating the network, and further divided into public and private ranges.  Private IP addresses must be translated to public IP addresses in order to move through the Internet.  IP addresses can be assigned statically or dynamically.

22 February 2016 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI