By, Rutika R. Channawar

Content Introduction Open Handset Alliance Minimum Hardware Requirements Versions Feature Architecture Advantages Disadvantages

Introduction Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices. Based on the Linux kernel. It is developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA

Open Handset Alliance First Established In 5 th November It is a consortium of several companies. With the goal to develop open standards for mobile devices. Their 1 st product is “Android” (An Open Source Mobile Device).

Companies In OHA

Minimum Hardware Requirements 528 MHz Processor 128 MB RAM 256 MB Flash

Versions Beta :- On 5 th November 2007 Android 1.0 Cupcake:- On 30 th April 2009 Android 1.5 (Used Linux kernel version ) Donut:-On 15 th September 2009 Android 1.6(Used Linux kernel version ) Éclair:- 26 th October 2009 Android (Used Linux kernel version )

Versions Froyo(Frozen Yogurt):- May Android 2.2 Linux Ginger Bread:-December Android 2.3 Linux Honeycomb:-Feb Android 3.2 Linux Kernel Ice Cream Sandwich:- Android Oct 2011 Linux Kernel Version Jelly Belly:- June Android 4.1 Linux Kernel

Features Integrated Browser Optimized Graphics Messaging Data Storage Connectivity

Web Browser Media Support Mailing Maps GPS Navigation Development Environment Android Market Features

Architecture Linux Kernel Libraries & Android Runtime Application Framework Applications

Linux Kernel Android Architecture is based on Linux 2.6 kernel. It helps to manage security, memory management, process management, network stack and other important issues. User should bring Linux in his mobile device as the main operating system.

Android Runtime It was designed specifically for Android running in limited environment. Which converts generated byte code from.jar to.dex file. Conversion From.jar to.dex.java.class.jar.dex

Libraries Set of native libraries written in C/C++. They are responsible for stable performance of various components. Surface Manager is responsible for composing different drawing surfaces on the mobile screen.

Application Framework Application Framework is written in Java language. It is a toolkit that all applications use. It has several components. The Activity Manager manages the life circle of the applications and provides a common navigation back stack for applications The Package Manager keeps track of the applications, which are installed in the device.

Development Tools Java Android SDK:-  Class Library  Developer Tools  Emulator and System Images  Documentation and Sample Code Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tool)  Reduces Development and Testing Time  Makes User Interface-Creation easier  Makes Application Description Easier

Advantages Open All applications are equal. Breaking down boundaries. Fast and easy development

Disadvantages Security Open Source Login Incompetence

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