Class Notes 4: Domain Eukarya: Kingdom Protista And Kingdom Fungi

I. Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. A. It is one of the 4 kingdoms found in domain Eukarya. B. Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.

II. Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.

A. Animal-like protists consume other organisms. 1. heterotrophs 2. single-celled 3. Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.

4. Types of animal-like protists: Zooflagellates: have flagella (tail like structure) to propel them

Amoebas: flexible, have a pseudopod that helps them move and eat.

Foraminifera: have a shell and a pseudopod

Ciliates: move and capture food with cilia. macronucleus food vacuole oral groove micronucleus contractile vacuole cilia

B. Plantlike protists are photosynthetic. 1. single-celled or multicellular 2. no roots, stems, or leaves 3. Include algaes such as kelp.

C. Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. 1. heterotrophs 2. can move, whereas fungi cannot

III. Kingdom Fungi A. Heterotrophs B. Absorb their own food C. Can be unicellular or multicellular

IV. Structure of fungi A. Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of yeasts - hyphae mycellium fruiting body

V. There are 4 main group of fungi: A. Primitive fungi :aquatic and have spores with flagella. B. Sac fungi: form a reproductive sac, or ascus. 1. Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi. 2. Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.

C. Bread molds : often found on spoiled food.

D. Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped. – include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

VI. Ecology of Fungi A. Fungi have many roles in the ecosystem. B. Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.

1.Decomposing Fungi: - decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals –return nutrients to the soil –can damage fruit trees and wooden structures

2. Pathogenic fungi – human diseases include ringworm and athlete’s foot – plant diseases include Dutch elm disease

3. Mutualistic Fungi – lichens form between fungi and algae – mycorrhizae form between fungi and plants

Summary What are the 3 main categories of protists? What are some types of fungi? What roles do fungi play in the ecosystem?