Social Economic and Politics of East Timor Name: Bendito Freitas Ribeiro Student ID : Subject: International situation Ad.

East Timor / 東ティモール East Timor, is located in Southeast Asia. The small country of 14,609 km² (5,376 sq. mi) is located about 640 km (400 mi) northwest of Darwin, Australia.

Profile. East Timor is a country in Oceania comprising the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecussi- Ambeno, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor

Historical Portuguese invade Timor, set up trading post and use island as source of sandalwood Timor split following battle between Portuguese and Dutch. Portuguese take the eastern half 1859, the Dutch concluded a treaty with Portugal to determine the border between the Portuguese Timor (East Timor) and the Dutch Timor (Western Timor). Feb, Japanese invade, fighting battles with Australian troops (Battle of Timor). Up to 60,000 East Timorese were killed. Japan in control until , the Portuguese administration was restored in Timor-Leste.

the Carnation Revolution in Portugal leads to promise to free colonies, encouraging parties to prepare for new future. Nov 28, East Timor declared its independence, but several days later on Dec 7, 1975 was invaded and occupied by Indonesia. In 1999, act of self-determination (78.5% reject the proposed special autonomy for East Timor), and East Timor became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century on May 20, 2002 (Independence Day Restoration)

June 1999 The UN Assistance Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) is established to conduct the referendum. (Election: Aug 30, 1999) September 20, 1999, INTERFET (International Force East Timor), with the role of restoring peace and security, protecting and supporting UNAMET, and facilitating humanitarian assistance operations. October 25, 1999, The Administration of East Timor was taken over by the UN through the United Nations Transitional Administration for East Timor (UNTAET) UN mission

Parliamentary Elections were held in late 2001 for a constituent assembly to draft a constitution, a task finished in February East Timor became formally Restored independent on May 20, 2002 East Timor became a member of the UN on September 27, 2002.

East Timor Profile Republic Democratic of East Timor (RDTL) Independence: 28 November 1975 (from Portugal). Restoration of independence: 20 May (from Indonesia) Religion: About 90% Catholics; Minorities of Protestants, and Muslims Languages: Tetum and Portuguese (official), Indonesian and English (working languages) Climate: Tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons Natural resources Gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble The total population was 1.8 million people in 2013, population growth rate is 2.5%. Currency: American Dollar (USD)

Symbols Motto : Unidade, Acção, Progresso "Union, Action, Progress" Flag National Emblem

Political System The President of the Republic – The Head of State, guarantees the respect for the Constitution and for State Institutions, able to veto legislation – appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or majority coalition The National Parliament – the main legislative authority The Government – The Executive body of the State and is responsible for the development and implementation of the Government Program for the 5 year term. – The Head of the Government is the Prime-Minister. Semi-Presidentialism Republic

Economy Overview Since 1999 independence, Timor-Leste has faced great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of oil and gas resources in offshore waters has greatly supplemented government revenues. At the mid-2006 outbreak of violence and civil unrest, which disrupted both private and public sector economic activity. Government spending increased markedly from 2009 through 2012, primarily on basic infrastructure, including electricity and roads.

On the strength of its oil-wealth, the economy has achieved real growth between 8-12% per year for the last several years, among the highest sustained growth rates in the world After petroleum, the second largest export is coffee, which generates about $10 million a year (Starbucks is a major purchaser) Economy Overview

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in East Timor was worth 1.62 billion US dollars in The GDP value of East Timor represents less than 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in East Timor averaged 0.73 USD Billion from 2000 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 1.62 USD Billion in 2013 and a record low of 0.35 USD Billion in Timor-Leste, GDP growth rate 2014 = 8 % East Timor GDP billion

Unemployment rate In East Timor, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. East Timor LabourLastPreviousHighestLowestUnit Unemployment Rate Percent Population Million

President RDTL Taur Matan Ruak Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao

Nobel Peace Prize winners Former President RDTL Former UN Representative in Guinea Bissau Jose Ramos Horta

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