1. East Timor PMESII-PT SGT Bray, Joshua Information Brief 22April2015

2. Purpose: Present information on East Timor Agenda
Purpose and Agenda
Purpose: Present information on East Timor
Agenda
Physical
Historical Background
MESII-P
Strategic Relevance
Questions and Comments

3. Physical Location: Southeast Asia Area: 15,007 sq km, Capital: Dili
Boundaries: Indonesia by land to the west / Australia by sea to the south
Terrain: Rolling hills / Mountainous to the west and north / Southern coast is flat / Rivers dry up during the dry season and during the wet season lots of floods
Diseases: AIDS/HIV, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Hepatitis A+B, Typhoid, Rabies, Japanese Encephalitis, Maternal Deaths also prevalent, Chikungunya, Dengue (Urban areas).
Climate: Wet Season (Nov-May) with heavy flooding; Dry Season (Jun-Oct); South of the Central Mountain Range receives heavier rainfall
22.7% ARABLE LAND, however the forests have paid the price; use slash and burn agriculture techniques

4. Physical Cont
DILI
MT. Tatamailau

5. Historical Background
1509 Colonized by Portugal
1568 Dutch Traders arrive to Timor
Netherlands, Portugal, and native Timorese People Fight for control of area
1859 Treaty of Lisbon signed and separated the island: East (Portugal) and West (Dutch)
1975 Carnation Revolution
1975 FRETLIN, UDT, and APODETI were formed
1975 East Timor Win and Lose Independence
1976 East Timor is officially a province of Indonesia
1999 Indonesia relinquished control of the country to UN
- Carnation Revolution> Military Coup in Portugal; Portugal withdrew troops and most Government officials from African Colonies and East Timor
- Timorese wanted to be an independent nation and Indonesia believed they were going to be a Communist nation

6. Historical Background
2002 East Timor is independent country
2004 Major Reduction in UN Staff
Troops left the F-FDTL / Riots / UN Returns
UN Police and East Timor gangs and militias clash
2009 UN Police handed over first district since 2007 to Police
2011 Use of Petroleum Fund / UN handover

7. Constitution based off of Portuguese Legislative Branch
Political
Democratic Republic
Constitution based off of Portuguese
Legislative Branch
65 members; 88 members
Executive branch
President >Prime Minister>Ministers / Ministries
Judicial Branch
Judicial System Monitoring Programme
Political Parties / Interest Parties
FRETLIN and CNRT
Chinese Entrepreneurs and Catholic Church
JSMP is an NGO who monitors and runs the Judicial system throughout the country. Foreign Judges

8. National Police Force (PNTL) National Intelligence System
Military
Armed Forces
Army F-FDTL
Navy
ISF
Force 2020
National Police Force (PNTL)
National Intelligence System
- The constitution states the army is allotted 3000 troops, 1500 active and 1500 reserve. However only 1300 soldiers are currently enlisted. 2 BNs (Baucau and Metinaro), one HQ.
Navy is allotted 300 and at 250. Funded by the Chinese and given 2 boats by the Chinese.
International Stabilization Force 400 soldiers from NZ and AUS
Force 2020 plan with three pillars Troop Management, Conscription, and Equipment procurement (Helicopters, Armored Assault Vehicles, NVG’s etc.)
Problem; Australia funds all of logistics for Armed Forces, How will they sustain this equipment into the future?
PNTL and FFDTL have overlapping roles for Policing.

9. Currency: American Dollar and Centavos
Economy
Currency: American Dollar and Centavos
Poverty Rate- 41% of population lives in poverty
Agriculture
Exports/Imports
Petroleum Fund
Succo Housing Plan
Economy still suffers from lack of infrastructure, training, and non-oil based economy
Sustenance Agriculture mainly
Exports: Oil, Coffee, Sandalwood, Marble Imports: Food, Gasoline, Kerosene, Machinery
Petroleum Fund> Money from natural gas is put into this fund. Invested abroad and can only be used if ok’d by parliamentary
The Succo Housing plan was designed for the poverty stricken peoples of East Timor in Villages. The Government spent 87 million Dollars on 55,000 prefabricated houses. To Date only 5,000 homes have been constructed. When these houses were built, they were built in cleared forests instead of near the hamlets. Couldn’t access clean water for their toilets, not enough land for their farms to live off, and due to the harsh weather of the rainy season, some of the houses were destroyed. Locals not used for Labor and local resources not found for the building of homes.

10. Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Women’s Rights
Social
Ethnic Goups: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority
Language
Religion: 98% Roman Catholic
Women’s Rights
Abortion/contraception
5.11 babies in E.T. ; 2.07 babies in U.S. (Cia World Factbook)
Literacy Rates, Children under the age of 5 underweight
Goal of 1 doctor / 1000 people ; .7/1000 in E.T ; 2.45/1000 in US
Cuba
Various killer diseases
- Big rift between the Government/social elites who speak Portuguese and the common people and younger generation who speak Tetem, some English and sometimes another dialect.
Religion effects the laws throughout the country. I.E. it is against the law to use contraception and get an abortion. However on average women have 5.11 children.
Literacy rate 58% and the number one in the world for children under the age of five who are underweight

11. Infrastructure
Lacks adequate roads, electricity, water, waste facilities, and hospitals
Succo Housing Project
Portugal Telecom
Education
- 2 power plants built in 2013 to provide power to 90% of the country / 1/3 pop don’t have clean drinking water, 2/3 do not have access to adequate sanitation ( / People get hurt or sick go to hospital, Ambulances, Horses, contracted helicopter, or boating service, if serious sent to INDO, Aus, or Singapore (2010)
Portugal Telecom / Timor Telecom has put in millions of dollars into the telecommunications industry in Timor-Leste
Education getting better AUSAID, NZAID, UNICEF

12. Radio, Television, Newspaper Censorship Telecom Timor
Information
Radio, Television, Newspaper
Censorship
Telecom Timor
1 station in each of the administrative districts and 20 community radio stations
1 ISP/ Timor Telecom, however the Aussies have a satellite internet service but until the license for the use of the satellite changes they will not fall within the threshhold

13. Relevance to US Security Strategic
“…the United States will continue to support the advance of security, development, and democracy in Asia and the Pacific” (NSS 2015)
Building Partnership with Indonesia
“We seek cooperation on shared regional and global challenges such as climate change, public health, economic growth” (NSS 2015)

14. References
Questions