Bellwork Complete the Road to the Revolution worksheet. Filling in the forms of resistance the colonists took against British actions.

The American Revolution ( )

Thomas Paine Author of “Common Sense”

Common Sense Most widely read pamphlet in America Highlights the wrongs of England Promotes Revolution

American Independence The Influence of the Enlightenment Colonial leaders push for independence, rely on Enlightenment ideas Declaration of Independence—document justifying colonial rebellion Leader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration, uses ideas of John Locke

Declaration of Independence Main author: Thomas Jefferson 3 Parts: Preamble, grievances, formal declaration

Declaration of Independence Goal: Tell colonists and other countries of our plans Gain support from more colonists and countries (France and Spain)

The Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Ratified on July 4, 1776 A letter justifying its reasons for revolting (break up letter) Borrows from ideas of John Locke Unalienable rights = Natural rights = rights that everyone are born with and gov’t cannot take away People have right to alter, abolish, revolt against a government that does not protect their rights Contains List of Grievances (complaints) Does not establish a government

Concepts of the Declaration John Locke British philosopher Two Treatises on Government

Natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property Rulers cannot take these rights away

Social Contract People = Power People create government protect their rights

Social Contract …….People should break their contract If rights are not protected……..

Edge of War Colonies: 2.5 million citizens Weak gov’t & navy Little money or weapons Colonial jealousy Strong leaders Defensive war France England: 7.5 million citizens Strong navy Large, well equipped army Loyalists Weak military leaders Distance France

Choosing Sides Loyalists: People who remained loyal to the King and British. Also called Tories.

Choosing Sides Patriots: People who supported the independence movement Risked everything for the cause

Early Battles Fort Ticonderoga Ethan Allen & Green Mountain Boys Benedict Arnold Bunker Hill Bloodiest battle of war Casualties Britain: 1,054 Rebels: 400 American victory despite abandoning hill

The War Early Defeats: British capture major cities: New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Charleston Washington retreats “live to fight another day”

Battle of Trenton Early Patriot Victory

Valley Forge Washington and troops survive long, cold winter Troops trained by General Von Steuben. Survival & training leads to increased morale

Battle of Saratoga 10/17/1777 Turning point of war France give full support to colonists

French Support Benjamin Franklin sent to gain French support-provided military supplies French Motive – Revenge Secret alliance from onset of war Marquis de Lafayette: Great supporter of the American cause

Franco-American Alliance (1778): Recognize American efforts toward independence

Yorktown (1781) Last major battle of the war French naval blockade Washington’s army, with French support, forced General Cornwallis to surrender

Americans Win Independence Success for the Colonists Despite British military might, colonists have advantages: Motivating cause of freedom French assistance War’s expense for Britain British surrender at Yorktown in 1781; colonists win the war

Treaty of Paris (1783) Britain formally recognized US independence US stretched west to the Mississippi River, north to the Great Lakes, south to Florida

American concessions Loyalists to be forgiven Loyalist property to be restored America to pay off British debt

Women in the war Greater responsibilities Manage farms and businesses while men away Travel with army as cooks and nurses