Review of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) and Year 2 Highlights Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University AQAST Leader 1

AQAST members Daniel Jacob (leader), Loretta Mickley (Harvard) Tracey Holloway (deputy leader), Steve Ackerman (U. Wisconsin); Bart Sponseller (Wisconsin DNR) Greg Carmichael (U. Iowa) Dan Cohan (Rice U.) Russ Dickerson (U. Maryland) Bryan Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Melanie Follette-Cook (NASA/GSFC); Jennifer Olson (NASA/LaRC) David Edwards (NCAR) Arlene Fiore (Columbia Univ.); Meiyun Lin (Princeton) Jack Fishman, Ben de Foy (Saint Louis U.) Daven Henze, Jana Milford (U. Colorado) Edward Hyer, Jeff Reid, Doug Westphal, Kim Richardson (NRL) Pius Lee, Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/NESDIS) Yang Liu, Matthew Strickland (Emory U.), Bin Yu (UC Berkeley) Richard McNider, Arastoo Biazar (U. Alabama – Huntsville) Brad Pierce (NOAA/NESDIS) Ted Russell, Yongtao Hu, Talat Odman (Georgia Tech); Lorraine Remer (NASA/GSFC) David Streets (Argonne) Jim Szykman (EPA/ORD/NERL) Anne Thompson, William Ryan, Suellen Haupt (Penn State U.) 2

satellites suborbital platforms models AQAST Pollution monitoring Exposure assessment AQ forecasting Source attribution Quantifying emissions External influences AQ processes Climate interactions AQAST 3

What makes AQAST unique? All AQAST projects connect Earth Science and air quality management:  active partnerships with air quality managers with deliverables/outcomes  self-organizing to respond quickly to demands  flexibility in how it allocates its resources  INVESTIGATOR PROJECTS (IPs): members adjust work plans each year to meet evolving AQ needs  “TIGER TEAM” PROJECTS (TTs): multi-member efforts to address emerging, pressing problems requiring coordinated activity Tiger Team proposals currently under development (Y3, review in Sept) include: Web-enabled AQ management tools AQ reanalysis Ensemble based AQ forecasting Dynamical natural inputs for AQ models Source attribution for O 3 and PM events over EUS Oil & gas emissions Satellite-derived NO x emissions and trends click on “projects” for brief descriptions + link to pdf describing each project 4

Scope of current AQAST projects AQ agency Local: RAQC, BAAQD State: TCEQ, MDE, Wisconsin DNR, CARB, Iowa DNR, GAEPD, GFC Regional: LADCO, EPA Region 8 National: EPA, NOAA, NPS Theme SIP Modeling AQ processes Monitoring AQ-Climate Background IC/BC for AQ models Forecasting Emissions Future satellites Earth Science resource Satellites: MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS, OMI, TES, GOES, GOME-2 Suborbital: ARCTAS, DISCOVER-AQ, ozonesondes, PANDORA Models: MOZART, CAM, AM-3, GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, STEM, GISS, CMIP 5 5

Semiannual AQAST meetings engage air quality managers Share knowledge and experience in using Earth Science data and tools for serving AQ management Educate AQ managers in the use of Earth Science data and tools, and to educate Earth scientists on AQ needs Hear about pressing AQ management issues, and determine how AQAST can help Boulder (May 11), RTP (Nov 11), Wisconsin (Jun 12), CARB (Dec 12), Maryland (Jun 13) AQAST meeting at U. Maryland (June 9-11, 2013) 6 6

AQAST Highlight: CO trends and NO x budgets in Maryland MOPITT satellite instrument EPA site (Greenbelt) CMAQ evaluation with OMI NO 2 down wind upwind from Baltimore UMD aircraft during DISCOVER-AQ AQAST PI: Dickerson Utility of satellites for long- term trend monitoring; Regional character of NO x pollution; NO x effective lifetime in models is too short. 7 7

AQAST Highlight: Wyoming Exceptional Event Demonstration Wyoming DEQ/AQD used AQAST resources to issue an exceptional event demonstration package for an ozone exceedance at Thunder Basin, June 6, 2012 AQAST PI: Pierce 8 8

Uncontrolled landfill liner fire within 5 miles of >150K people 7.5 acres burned, May-June million shredded tires Irritants + mutagens + SO µg/m 3 PM2.5 AQAST Nowcasting tool helped policymakers decide public health response & favorable conditions for fire intervention WRF-Chem + GSI 3DVAR 72hr forecast assimilating MODIS data m + emissions factors from mobile monitoring by 3 groups = New decision support toolkit for rapid public health response to urban toxic releases AQAST decision support for the Iowa Landfill Fire of 2012 AQAST PI: Carmichael 9 9

Ammonia emissions and nitrogen deposition in the US NO x NH 3 Present and future (RCP) US emissions US ammonia emission inventories Nitrogen deposition in US national parks Improved understanding of ammonia emissions in US by adjoint inversion of satellite and deposition data Demonstration of broad N exceedance problem in national parks, driven by ammonia in future Presently working with EPA and NPS in evaluation of secondary nitrogen oxides standard AQAST PIs: Henze, Jacob 10

Primer on using satellite data for air quality emission estimates 11 Year 2 Tiger Team activity involving nine AQAST PIs working with AQ managers AQAST PI: Streets 11

AQAST Products GLIMPSE (Henze): fast screening tool for radiative forcing implications of AQ management strategies Operational AQ ensemble forecasts for Maryland (Thompson) WHIPS (Holloway): user-friendly processing of satellite data 12

1. Easily obtain useful data in familiar formats Custom OMI NO 2 “Level 3” products on any grid in netCDF with WHIPS (Holloway) Annual NO 2 shapefiles - OMI & CMAQ on CMAQ grids (AQAST Tiger Team) Google Earth 2. Find easy-to-use guidance & example scripts for understanding OMI products and comparing to simulated troposphere & PBL concentrations One-stop user portal (Holloway & AQAST Tiger Team) OMI NO 2 & SO 2 guidance, field campaign example case studies (Spak & AQAST Tiger Team) 3. Obtain OMI observational operators for assimilation & emissions inversion in CMAQ NO 2 in GEOS-Chem  CMAQ (Henze, Pye) SO 2 in STEM  CMAQ (Spak, Kim) O 3 in STEM  CMAQ (Huang, Carmichael, Kim) AQAST progress toward an OMI AQ management toolkit: AQ managers can now… OMI NO 2 KML in SARP flight planning AQAST PI: Carmichael 13

AQAST communications and outreach Semiannual AQAST meetings AQAST workshops and training sessions AQAST representation at AQ meetings Ozone garden network 2012 AGU AQAST session and Town Hall Website, quarterly newsletter Media center, Twitter AQ managers surveys ARSET/AQAST at CMAS St. Louis ozone garden NO 2 trends lenticular 14