1. NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST): recent work on ammonia and methane emissions relevant to CenSARA Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University AQAST Leader www.aqast.org with Fabien Paulot, Kevin Wecht, Alex Turner, Lei Zhu 1

2. satellites suborbital platforms models AQAST Pollution monitoring Exposure assessment AQ forecasting Source attribution Quantifying emissions External influences AQ processes Climate interactions AQAST 2

3. AQAST members Daniel Jacob (leader), Loretta Mickley (Harvard) Tracey Holloway (deputy leader), Steve Ackerman (U. Wisconsin); Bart Sponseller (Wisconsin DNR) Greg Carmichael (U. Iowa) Dan Cohan (Rice U.) Russ Dickerson (U. Maryland) Bryan Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Melanie Follette-Cook (NASA/GSFC); Jennifer Olson (NASA/LaRC) David Edwards (NCAR) Arlene Fiore (Columbia Univ.); Meiyun Lin (Princeton) Jack Fishman, Ben de Foy (Saint Louis U.) Daven Henze, Jana Milford (U. Colorado) Edward Hyer, Jeff Reid, Doug Westphal, Kim Richardson (NRL) Pius Lee, Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/NESDIS) Yang Liu, Matthew Strickland (Emory U.), Bin Yu (UC Berkeley) Richard McNider, Arastoo Biazar (U. Alabama – Huntsville) Brad Pierce (NOAA/NESDIS) Ted Russell, Yongtao Hu, Talat Odman (Georgia Tech); Lorraine Remer (NASA/GSFC) David Streets (Argonne) Jim Szykman (EPA/ORD/NERL) Anne Thompson, William Ryan, Suellen Haupt (Penn State U.) 3

4. On AQAST website (google AQAST), click on “members” for list of 19 members and areas of expertise 4

5. What makes AQAST unique? All AQAST projects connect Earth Science and air quality management:  Involve active partnerships with air quality managers, have deliverable outcomes  Expand relationships through meetings, online tools, newsletters AQAST has flexibility in how it allocates its resources  Members adjust work plans to meet evolving air quality needs  Multi-member “Tiger Teams” are organized each year to address newly emerging, pressing problems requiring coordinated activity  AQAST is self-organizing and can respond quickly to demands Quick, collaborative, flexible, responsive to the needs of the AQ community www.aqast.org 5

6. Scope of current AQAST projects AQ agency Local: RAQC, BAAQD State: TCEQ, MDE, Wisconsin DNR, CARB, Iowa DNR, GAEPD, GFC Regional: LADCO, EPA Region 8 National: EPA, NOAA, NPS Theme SIP Modeling AQ processes Monitoring AQ-Climate Background IC/BC for AQ models Forecasting Emissions Future satellites Earth Science resource Satellites: MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS, OMI, TES, GOES, GOME-2 Suborbital: ARCTAS, DISCOVER-AQ, ozonesondes, PANDORA Models: MOZART, CAM, AM-3, GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, STEM, GISS, CMIP 6

7. Semiannual AQAST meetings Share knowledge and experience in using Earth Science data and tools for serving AQ management Educate AQ managers in the use of Earth Science data and tools, educate Earth scientists on AQ needs Hear about pressing AQ management issues, and determine how AQAST can help Boulder (May 11), RTP (Nov 11), Wisconsin (Jun 12), CARB (Dec 12), Maryland (Jun 13); AUSTIN JANUARY 15-17 2014! AQAST meeting at U. Maryland (June 9-11, 2013) We hope to see you in Austin! http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/aqast/meetings/2014_jan Local host: Dan Cohan (Rice University) 7

8. AQAST communications and outreach Twice-yearly AQAST meetings AQAST workshops and training sessions AQAST representation at AQ meetings Ozone garden network Website, quarterly newsletter (click here to subscribe)click here to subscribe Media center, Twitter ARSET/AQAST at CMAS St. Louis ozone garden NO 2 trends lenticular 8

9. Optimizing NH 3 emissions in US (and globally) by adjoint inversion of 2005-2008 NH 4 + wet deposition flux data NADP data (circles) and GEOS-Chem model after adjoint inversion April: fertilizer July: livestock kgN ha -1 month -1 Paulot et al. [submitted] NH 3 emission NH 3 (g)/NH 4 + dry wet Chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) GEOS-Chem adjoint agriculture, other sources 9

10. Optimized ammonia emissions … and new MASAGE bottom-up ammonia emission inventory US EU E Asia x 0.5 crops livestock other anthro natural 2.72.9 8.4 2.83.1 8.4 (China) Paulot et al. [submitted] 10

11. Seasonality of ammonia emissions in different regions Paulot et al. [submitted] 11

12. Zoom over CenSARA region (annual ammonia emissions) Optimized inventory from the inversion has 200 km monthly resolution; MASAGE inventory has 50 km resolution 12

13. Detailed MASAGE emissions breakdown for Nebraska Total emissions of 121 Tg N yr -1 (2005-2008 average) What product(s) would be of particular value to CenSARA members? 13

14. Using satellite observations of methane to constrain US methane emissions 17001800 ppb SCIAMACHY methane (Jul-Aug 2004) adjoint inversion methane emissions Wecht et al. [in prep] Total US anthropogenic emissions (Tg a -1 ) EDGAR v4.2 26.6 EPA 28.3 This work 32.7 14

15. Current satellite observations of methane available from GOSAT GOSAT data, May-June 2010 Correction factors to EDGAR v4.2 from preliminary inversion GOSAT data are sparser than SCIAMACHY (RIP 2005) but of good quality; TROPOMI (2015 launch) will give full daily coverage We are presently working to squeeze all the information we can get from the GOSAT data; need stakeholder interest to focus our efforts Is this of interest to CenSARA? Can we develop collaborations? Turner et al. [in progress] 15

16. Detection of anthropogenic VOC emission hotspots by oversampling of satellite (OMI) formaldehyde data Res=0.04 o, bandwidth=36km Prevailing Winds Houston Dallas Port Arthur Biogenic Formaldehyde column, molecules cm -2 Data can be used to evaluate reactive VOC emissions in regional AQ models Unexpected hotspots can be identified (oil/gas operations?) Can cover CenSARA region if there is interest – or focus on suspected hotspots? Lei Zhu, Harvard 16