TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. What are dilute.

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Presentation transcript:

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. What are dilute and concentrated solutions? The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent. A solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute is a dilute solution. By contrast, a solution that contains a large amount of solute is a concentrated solution. The terms concentrated and dilute are only relative descriptions of the amount of solute in solution.

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. How do you calculate the molarity of a solution? Molarity (M) is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. Molarity is also known as molar concentration. To calculate the molarity of a solution, divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters.

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. Intravenous (IV) saline solutions are often administered to patients in the hospital. One saline solution contains 0.90 g NaCl in exactly 100 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? Sample Problem: Molarity (contd.)

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. Sample Problem: Molarity An aqueous solution contains 41 g NaCl and has a volume of 250 mL. Calculate the concentration of the solution in units of molarity.

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. How do you dilute solutions to the desired concentration? Diluting a solution reduces the number of moles per unit volume, but the total number of moles of solute in solution does not change. moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. How do you dilute solutions to the desired concentration? The total number of moles of solute remains unchanged upon dilution, so you can now write the following equation. M 1 and V 1 are the molarity and volume of the initial solution, and M 2 and V 2 are the molarity of the diluted solution.

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. Sample Problem: Dilutions (contd.) How many milliliters of aqueous 2.00M MgSO 4 solution must be diluted with water to prepare mL of aqueous 0.400M MgSO 4 ?

TEKS 10C: Calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity. TEKS 10D: Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. Sample Problem: Dilutions Calculate how many milliliters of 4.00M KI are needed to prepare mL of 0.760M KI.