Progressivism

Section 1 ALCOS: 2.2 Objectives  Students will identify the causes of Progressivism  Students will analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive Movement  Students will be able to explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through political reforms

Why Now? No more American frontier  1890 Census  Frederick Jackson Turner  The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893)  The frontier had shaped American character Technological Advances  Printing and Photography made issues easier to document and share Urbanization

1890 US Census Map

Four Goals Promoting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency

Promoting Social Welfare Social Gospel Movement YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association)  Libraries, classes, sports Salvation Army Florence Kelley  Chief inspector of factories in Illinois  Pushed for the Illinois Factory Act in 1893  Limited women’s working hours and eliminated child labor

Promoting Moral Improvement Prohibition  Temperance Movement  18 th Amendment (1919)  Anti-Saloon League

Creating Economic Reform Panic of 1893  Corruption in RR’s  Concern over tariffs  15,000 businesses & 500 banks collapsed Socialism  Eugene V. Debs – American Socialist Party 1901 Muckrakers  Journalists who exposed corruption in businesses and society  Ida M. Tarbell  Jacob Riis  How the Other Half Lives Unions

Fostering Efficiency Social Jurisprudence  Justice Louis Brandeis  Focused on the facts as opposed to the argument Scientific Management  Fredrick Winslow Taylor  Improved factory efficiency  Figure out how long it will take to complete a task

Changes to Local Government Commissions  Galveston, Texas  Hurricane 1900  5 member commission led the relief and recovery effort City Councils City Managers Mayors  Hazen Pingree – Detroit, Michigan ( )  Tom Johnson –Cleveland, Ohio ( )  Socialist  Wanted to clean up and reform major cities

State Government Robert La Follette – Wisconsin (Gov ) (Sen )  Wanted corporations out of government  Targeted RR’s Braxton Bragg Comer – Alabama ( )  Education  Increased funding  1 high school in every county  Railroad

Child Labor Many immigrant children sent to work Made even lower wages than adults  More suspect to injury National Child Labor Committee (1904)  Investigated child labor  Keating-Owen Act (1916)  Prohibited transportation of goods across two states that were made using child labor

Child Labor

Working Hour Limitations Muller v. Oregon (1908)  Louis Brandeis, Florence Kelley  Limited women to a 10 hour work day Bunting v. Oregon (1917)  Allowed for a 10 hour work day for men Workers compensation  Death benefits

Election Reform Oregon adopts secret ballot  Also adds initiative, referendum, and recall  Gave the citizens more power in government  20 states adopt these by 1920 Primary System  Minnesota (1899)  Allowed the citizens choose candidates for public office  2/3 of nation has primary system by 1915

17 th Amendment Previously, state legislature selected it’s US Senators Amendment allows for direct election of US Senators by the people May 31, 1913

Section 2 ALCOS: 2.1, 2.2 Objectives  Students will analyze the impact of changes in women’s education on women’s roles in society  Students will explain what women did to win worker’ rights and to improve family life  Students will evaluate the tactics women used to win passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

Women in Progressivism

Working Women 1 in 5 women had jobs Farm  Tended to the house  Assisted in the fields and raised livestock Industry  25% of working women are in manufacturing  Paid lower wages  Office jobs Working in homes  Cleaned homes for other families

Reform Leaders Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)  146 workers killed Education  Vassar College (1865)  Faculty – Men:8 Women: 22  Smith College, Wellesley College Reform  Social Housekeeping  National Association of Colored Women (NACW)  Susan B. Anthony  National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Suffrage Strategy Gain voting rights through state legislation  Wyoming (1869), Utah/Colorado/Idaho (1890s) Court Cases  Challenge the 14 th Amendment Amend the US Constitution  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  19 th Amendment (1920)