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The Origins of Progressivism
Chapter 18
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Progressivism What? Why? How? Who? Various reform groups
Reaction to problems of Industrialization, Urbanization, immigration How? Use the government to fix those problems Who? Middle and upper middle classes Urban dwellers Educated Women Socialists
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Industrial Efficiency
Economic Reform Political Reform Goals of the Progressives Moral Reform Social Reform Industrial Efficiency
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Progressive Movement – 1900-1920
Continuation of the reform impulse Various groups WTCU, Anti-saloon League, Salvation Army, YMCA Repudiated individualism and laissez-faire economics Government to bring business and finance under control
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Social Welfare Reform Movement
Goals Poverty Exploitation of labor Slum conditions Help Children Who YMCA Salvation Army Settlement Houses Successes Provided public services Illinois Factory Act – limited working hours for children
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Protecting Workers Goals Who Successes Worker safety Hours worked
Children Women Who National Child Labor Committee Successes Keating Owen Act Child labor Muller v Oregon – women/10hr day Bunting v Oregon – 10hr day Workers’ compensation laws
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Moral Reform Goals Who? Successes Issues Improve the individual WCTU
Anti-Saloon League Cary Nation Successes Prohibition adopted by many state and local governments 18th Amendment – 1919 Issues Tensions w/immigrant population
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Economic Reform Goals Who? Successes Questioned laissez-faire
Fair Competition w/monopolies? Who? American Socialist Party Successes Exposure of corporate corruption through the press Regulation of meatpacking industry Railroad regulations Clayton Anti-trust Act Strengthened Sherman Anti-trust Act Exempted labor
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State Reform of Big Business
Goals Protect consumers Protect small businesses Who Robert M. Lafollette Successes State regulation of the railroads State regulation of business
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Industrial Efficiency
Goals Increase worker productivity Scientific management Who Frederick Winslow Taylor Henry Ford and Ford Motor Company Successes Assembly lines Simplified tasks “Five Dollar Day” Issues Worker boredom and burnout
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Reforming Local Government
Political Reform Reforming Local Government Successes Commissions and Council Managers Adopted local property taxes Public ownership of utilities Goals Limit corruption Remove ineffectual leadership
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Political Reform Election Reform Goals Successes
Increase citizen control Reduce corruption Patronage graft Successes Secret ballots Initiatives Referendums Recalls Direct primaries Seventeenth Amendment - Senators
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Arguments Against Progressivism?
Expensive Growth of government
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