FACILITIES PLANNING INTRODUCTION Form Follows Function Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union

FACILITY Building people material machines Stated purpose objectives

Participants in a facility planning project Civil Electrical Mechanical Industrial Engineers Architects Consultants General contractors Managers Real estate brokers Urban planners

Towards a definition Facilities planning determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets best support achieving the activity's objective. For a manufacturing firm, facilities planning involves the determination of how the manufacturing facility best supports production. For an airport, facilities planning involves determining how the airport facility is to support the passenger- airplane interface. For a hospital: How the hospital facility supports providing medical care to patients.

FP involves: i.e., Hospital, Office, Manufacturing FPs

Facilities Location Determining how the location of a facility supports meeting the facility's objective Its placement with respect to customer, suppliers, and other facilities with which it interfaces. Its orientation on a specific plot of land.

Facilities Design The determination of how the design components of a facility support achieving the facility's objectives

Facility Systems Structural and enclosure systems Lighting, electrical, communication systems Life safety systems Sanitation systems For a plant: Power, light, gas, heat, ventilation, air conditioning, water, sewage needs.

Facilities Layout Equipment Machinery Furnishings For a manufacturing facility: Production areas Support areas Personnel areas within the building

Handling System Mechanisms needed to satisfy the required facility interactions. For a Manufacturing Facility Materials, personnel, information, and equipment-handling systems required to support production.

Motivations Reindustrialization Employee health and safety Energy conservation Community rules and regulations Noise, air pollution, waste disposal Pilferage

Objectives-I- Customer satisfaction Return on assets (ROA) Maximize inventory turns Minimize obsolete inventory Maximize employee participation Maximize continuous improvement Speed for quick customer response Costs and supply chain profitability

Objectives-II- Supply chain through partnerships and communication Organization’s vision Utilizations of people, equipment, space, energy. Return on investment (ROI) on all capital expenditures Adaptability and ease of maintenance Employee safety and job satisfaction

Facilities Planning Process 1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM The objective of the facility Products/Volumes/Role in the SC The primary and support activities Operations, equipment, personnel, material flows Maintenance

Facilities Planning Process 2. ANALYZE THE PROBLEM The interrelationships among all activities (Qualitative and quantitative)

Facilities Planning Process 3. DETERMINE THE SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ACTIVITIES For all equipment, material, and personnel Alternative designs Alternative facilities plans

Facilities Planning Process 4. EVALUATE THE ALTERNATIVES 5. SELECT THE PREFERRED DESIGN 6. IMPLEMENT THE DESIGN Implement the plan Maintain and adapt the plan Redefine the objective of the facility

Model of Success VISION MISSION REQUIREMENT OF SUCCESS GUIDING PRINCIPLES EVIDENCE OF SUCCESS (Tompkins 1989)

Cost of making design changes Planning Designing Building Installing Commissioning

Synergistic benefit of integrated manufacturing-marketing team No.of units sold Improved flexible manufacturing Product variety Lot sizes Quality Inventory Manufacturing unit costs Customer service

Facilities planning Determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets should contribute to meeting the activity's objectives. Consists of facilities location and facilities design, Is part art and part science. Can be approached using the engineering design process, Is a continuous process and should be viewed from a life cycle perspective. Represents one of the most significant opportunities for cost reduction and productivity improvement.

Facility Location Type & Volume of Products (services) Manufacturing (services) Processes Required Design of Components (services) Type and Quantity of Equipment Required Process Planning Type and Quantity of Material Handling Devices Determine Material Handling Methods Layout of Equipment within Each Cell Layout of machine cells Determination of Machine (service) Cells Tooling and Fixture Determination Determining Flow of Products and People Scheduling and Planning Jobs Overall System Design Inventory Control Distribution of Goods Quality Control and Customer Service

“ The involvement of Industrial Engineers in the design process enhances and optimizes all aspects of architectural professional practice in commercial, healthcare, or industrial projects. Traditionally. IEs possess skills and analytical tools for determining site selection, space requirements, flow/activity analysis, and space/function relationship programming. Using these skills, the engineer brings value to the overall design by assisting in operations planning, concept design, and layout evaluation and therefore yielding a more cost- effective and functional design.”

Problems Peruse the problems at the end of the first chapter (Lab activity).