China Geography and History

History Stone Age: 1.The change in climate made them settle and farm. settle and farm 2.People settled near water because of farming. 3.Central Asia

Shang Dynasty ( BC) 4.The Bronze Age occurred when bronze was developed and used for creating tools and weapons. 5.The Egyptians and the Asians. The writing is the same as what is used today, only an earlier version written on bones that supposedly told the future. 6.Bones and tortoise shells 7.A king ruled, which united the people under the Shang Dynasty.

8.There was a rich and poor class. 9.People learned about Chariots from Central Asia. 10.The Shang Dynasty lasted about 700 years.

Chou Dynasty ( BC) kingdoms existed under the Chou emperor. 12.Invaders from the northwest pushed the people to the east. 13.The people learned how to make iron for tools and farming, which made production easier. 14.Iron was used to make weapons, which encouraged warfare. 15.After the wars, only 7 kingdoms were left, and eventually only King Ch’in, who defeated the other 6.

Ch’in Dynasty ( BC) 16.He made the people use the same writing and system of weights. 17.He chose his own assistants and sent them out as governors and judges for parts of his empires. 18.He ordered the Great Wall of China to be built.

Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) 19.The Huns were removed by Wu Ti. 20.Wu Ti set up the Silk Road for trade. 21.The Silk Road connected Asia with Egypt and the Roman Empire. 22.Young, intelligent, hard working men were chosen for university, which was paid for by the government. They learned Confucian philosophy.

23.Pan Ch’ao was gone exploring for 28 years, and learned about the Roman Empire. 24.During the end of the Han Dynasty there was continuous fighting for power, rebellions, and a smallpox epidemic. This opened the door for generals to take control of the empire, resulting in three main areas of leadership: Wei, Shu Han, and Wu.

Sui Dynasty ( AD) 25. He wanted to decrease taxes for the poor, conducted a census for tax information, and wanted to give land to every man, who would pass it on to his sons at the age of Wen Ti did what was done during the Han Dynasty. He chose advisors from universities to find educated and fair men. 27.Yang Ti constructed a Grand Canal that connected the Yellow River with the Yangtze and Huai Rivers. This connected north and south China. 28.Yang Ti tried to invade Korea, which was a mistake.

Tang Dynasty ( AD) Ruler: T’ai Tsung Policies: - educated advisors (Han Dynasty) - land for every man (Sui Dynasty) - census (Sui Dynasty) Advancements: - trade and cities grew

-Empress Wu Chao: - T’ai Tsung’s girlfriend - Gaozong’s girlfriend (T’ai Tsung’s son) - Ruled after Gaozong’s death. - Regent to her son before forcing him off the throne. - Removed from power at the at of 79 (705 AD) -Civil War -Hsuan Tsung took control in 712 AD - Expanded borders - Stopped Arab invasions - Rule ended due to focus on philosophy and the arts -More Civil Wars

Sung Dynasty ( AD) Civil Wars continued Weakened defenses Enemies were paid in gold to not invade Taxes increased Examinations continued for political office A Deal Gone Wrong The Juchen in Northern China Southern Sung Dynasty developed Trade with India created an economy based on paper money.

Mongol Empire ( AD) By 1276 they had control of China. Leader: Kublai Khan Policies: Conquer other lands Offices to foreigners –Marco Polo Keep Mongolian language and culture Black Death (1330s) Weakened the Mongol Empire Red Turbons (1350s) Drove out Mongols United China under the Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty ( ) Leader: Hung Wu Centralized power (Tang Dynasty) Examinations for office (Han Dynasty) Imperial Palace