Abuse of Pain Relievers: Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Joe Gfroerer Office of Applied Studies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration September 9, 2003

2 NSDUH Design Representative nationally and in each State Civilian, noninstitutionalized population Aged 12 or older Anonymous face-to-face interview Computer-assisted interviewing Part self-administered 68,126 respondents in 2002

3 Impact of NSDUH Changes in 2002 Increased reporting of substance use Data not comparable with prior surveys

4 Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use: NSDUH Definition “Not prescribed for you” OR “You took the drug only for the experience or feeling it caused” (Excludes OTC)

5 Pain Relievers Pillcard for 2002 NSDUH Questionnaire

6 Lifetime Nonmedical Use of Selected Pain Relievers, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Numbers (in Millions) Darvocet ®, Darvon ®, or Tylenol ® with Codeine Vicodin ®, Lortab ®, or Lorcet ® Percocet ®, Percodan ®, or Tylox ® ® ® ® ®

7 Nonmedical Pain Reliever Use, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Numbers (in Millions) Lifetime Use Past Year Dependence or Abuse Past Month Use Past Year Use

8 Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Numbers (in Millions)

9 Lifetime Nonmedical Pain Reliever Use, by Age Group: Aged Percent Using in Lifetime Aged

10 Lifetime Nonmedical Use of OxyContin ®, Age 12 or Older: Numbers (in Millions) (0.1%) (0.2%) (0.4%) (0.8%)

11 Annual Numbers of New Nonmedical Users of Pain Relievers: Thousands of New Users

12 Lifetime Use of Selected Drugs among New Users of Pain Relievers Nonmedically, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Percent of New Users MarijuanaOxyContin ® CocaineHallucinogensHeroin Note: New users are defined as persons who used pain relievers nonmedically for the first time in 1999, 2000, or 2001.

13 Lifetime Use of Other Drugs among Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Users, Age 12 or Older : 2002 Percent of Lifetime OxyContin ® Users Other Pain Relievers Nonmedically CocaineHallucinogensMarijuanaHeroin

14 Lifetime Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers among Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Users, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Percent Darvocet ®, Darvon ®, or Tylenol ® with Codeine Vicodin ®, Lortab ®, or Lorcet ® Percocet ®, Percodan ®, or Tylox ® ® ® ®

15 Percent Past Year Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged 50 or Older Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use Rates of Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse and Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use, by Age Group, Age 12 or Older: 2002

16 Percent Male Female Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use Past Year Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse Rates of Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse and Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use, by Gender, Age 12 or Older: 2002

17 Percent White, Not Hispanic Black/African American, Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use Past Year Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse Rates of Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse and Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use, by Race/Ethnicity, Age 12 or Older: 2002

18 Rates of Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse and Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use, by County Type, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Percent Large Metro Small Metro Nonmetro Lifetime Nonmedical OxyContin ® Use Past Year Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse

19 Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse among Lifetime Nonmedical Users of Any Pain Reliever, OxyContin ®, and Dilaudid ®, Age 12 or Older: 2002 Users of OxyContin ® Percent with Pain Reliever Dependence or Abuse Users of Pain Relievers, But Not OxyContin ® Users of Dilaudid ® Users of Pain Relievers, But Not Dilaudid ®

20 Conclusions Nonmedical pain reliever and OxyContin ® use increasing Nonmedical OxyContin ® use mainly among abusers of other drugs OxyContin ® and Dilaudid ® users more likely to have dependence on or abuse of pain relievers than other nonmedical pain reliever users