1 Types of CHEMICAL BONDS

2 Essential Question: How does the number and arrangement of electrons affect the way that atoms bond?

3 A chemical bond is a strong attractive force between atoms to form a molecule or compound. Formed by either: –transferring valence e - (losing or gaining) OR –sharing valence e - Chemical Bond

4 Valence electrons are distributed as shared or BOND PAIRS and unshared or LONE PAIRS.Valence electrons are distributed as shared or BOND PAIRS and unshared or LONE PAIRS. HCl lone pair (LP) shared or bond pair This is called a LEWIS DOT structure. Valence Electrons

5 Octet Rule –most atoms form bonds in order to have 8 valence e - OR –a full outer energy level like the Noble Gases! Ne  Stability is the driving force behind bond formation! Octet Rule

6 1.Ionic bonds 2.Covalent bonds -Polar Covalent 3.Metallic bonds Types of Chemical Bonds

7 An atom that gains or loses electrons is called an ion. –Atoms that gain electrons have a NEGATIVE charge called an ANION. –Atoms that lose electrons have a POSITIVE charge called a CATION. IonsIons

8 Ionic Bonds Formed by attraction of two ions with opposite charge (+) and (-). Electrons are transferred from: Metal cation (+) toMetal cation (+) to Nonmetal anion (-)Nonmetal anion (-) Ionic compounds are called salts and form a crystal lattice.

9 An electron from Na is transferred to Cl, this causes a charge imbalance in each atom. The Na becomes (Na+) and the Cl becomes (Cl-), charged particles or ions.

10 Ionic Bonds form between ions.

11 Ionic Bonds: One Big Greedy Thief Dog!

12 Crystal Lattice The ions that make up an ionic compound are bonded in a repeating 3D pattern called a crystal lattice.

13 Covalent Bonds Formed by sharing of electron pairs between 2 nonmetals. More than one pair of electrons can be shared (double bonds, triple bonds)

14 Ionic Bond = Metal + Nonmetal Covalent Bond = Nonmetal + Nonmetal Metallic Bond = Metal + Metal Ionic Bond = Metal + Nonmetal Covalent Bond = Nonmetal + Nonmetal Metallic Bond = Metal + Metal