THE DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON

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Presentation transcript:

THE DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON Inst. of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty R. Druga

THE DIENCEPHALON EPITHALAMUS THALAMUS SUBTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS

AMPHIBIANS MAMMALS

DIENCEPHALON – medial aspect Mediální plocha

Dorsal aspect Dorsální plocha

Internal capsule

THE THALAMUS (nuclei) Hlavní thalamická jádra Anterior nuclei Medial nuclei (mediodorsal nc.) Lateral nuclei – dorsal tier (lateral dorsal nc., lateral posterior nc. ventral tier ( ventral anterior – VA, ventral lateral – VL, ventral posterolateral- VPL, ventral posteromedial – VPM, ventral intermediate - VIM, Medial geniculate nc., Lateral geniculate nc., Intralaminar nuclei Midline nuclei Posterior nuclei (nuclei of pulvinar) Reticular nucleus (inhibitory, GABAergic neurons)

Thalamic nuclei Relay nuclei (relé jádra, přepojovací jádra) – MGN, LGN, VPL, VPM, VL, VA Receives input predominantly from a single source Processed information is sent to a localized region of cortex Are modality specific Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized cortical response)

Association nuclei MD, LD, LP, Posterior ncc., Receives input from a number of structures or cortical areas Sends fibers to the association cortical areas Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized response in the cortex)

HYPOTHALAMUS

Vasopresin (Antidiuretic h.), Oxytocin (uterus,ejection of milk) Somatotropin, Prolactin, Folitropin, Lutropin, thyrotropin, ACTH

THE HYPOTHALAMUS Medial zone Tuberal region (middle reg.) Lateral zone No discrete nuclei Regulation of food and water intake Tuberal region (middle reg.) VM – satiety center (lesion produces hyperphagia + obesity) Arcuate nc. - delivers peptides to the portal vessels Mamillary region (posterior reg.) Posterior nc.- elevating of blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, body heat conservation Mammillary ncc. – memory formation (fornix) Medial zone Well defined nuclei Chiasmatic region (anterior region) hormone release- SO,PV) Cardiovascular function (Ant.) Circadian rhytms (SCH) Body temperature (Preoptic nc.)