Warm-up Which statement best supports pro-annexation? a) “The admission of Texas into this Union will prove, sooner or later, an element of overwhelming ruin to the Republic.” b) “Let Texas be annexed, and the authority and laws of the United States be established and maintained within her limits.”

Statehood Discussion: What are some of the issues the Republic of Texas faced? How could they be solved?

Nation divided Sectionalism – excessive loyalty to a region or section, creating prejudice. 1836 – Texas was a slave-owning state and would tip the balance of power in Congress North – Against South – For West – Undecided, mostly territories

Attempts at Annexation 1836 – Texans vote for it/U.S. turns them down 1844 – The Republic and U.S. Congress draft a treaty to make Texas a territory Texans approve it U.S. denies it again Why would the U.S. reject the annexation of Texas?

Why not Texas? U.S. would get public land to sell to pay off Texas’s huge debt Would add Texas as a territory, not a state North does not want a slave state Afraid of causing a war with Mexico Wanted to avoid controversy with their constituents (voters back home) during an election year

James Polk Was elected the 11th U.S. president in 1844 Wanted to annex Texas Why?????? Grow the U.S. Democrat from the South

Annexation Congress decided to pass a joint resolution [passed in both houses of Congress] for annexation. The joint resolution contained terms more favorable to Texas than those of the treaty of 1844. Texas could… Enter the U.S. as soon as its people approved annexation and adopted a state constitution, bypassing the time Texas would have just been a territory Keep its public lands but could sell some of it to pay off debts Be divided into as many as 5 states with the approval of Texas and the U.S.

Annexation Anson Jones and the Texas legislature came up with a new state constitution and overwhelmingly voted for annexation On Oct. 13, 1845, Texans approved annexation by a vote of 4,254 to 257 On Dec. 29, 1845, President Polk signed the resolution that made Texas a state

In 1845, Mexico finally recognizes Texas independence France and Britain did not want the U.S. to grow They convinced Mexico to recognize that Texas was independent, with the condition that the Republic must reject annexation Too late at that point, Texans just want annexation

“The Republic of Texas is No More” On Feb. 19, 1846, at a ceremony in front of the Texas Capitol, Texas officially became a state Anson Jones, the last Texas President, handed over Texas to the 1st governor, James P. Henderson

Can Texas Secede from the Union? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S92fTz_-kQE

PURPOSEFUL TALK What is the best conclusion that can be drawn from the following quote? “You will perceive that Texas is presented to the union as a bride adorned for her espousal. But if, now so confident of the union, she should be rejected, her mortification would be indescribable. She has sought the United States, and this is the third time she has consented. Were she now to be spurned it would forever terminate expectation on her part, and it would then not only be left for the United States to expect that she would seek some other friend.”

The Compromise of 1850

The Santa Fe Question During the Republic of Texas, Texas claimed the Rio Grande as its southern and western border. This claim gave Texas control of about one-half of New Mexico, including the important trade center of Santa Fe. Many people of Santa Fe did not want to be part of Texas, and many people in the northern U.S. feared that Texas would introduce slavery there.

Everything’s bigger in Texas… When Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, many people worried about Texas upsetting the balance between slave states and free states. With Texas, the South would have more power in Congress.

…until the Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay, a congressman from Kentucky, worked out a solution. In the Compromise of 1850… Texas agreed to surrender its claims to some disputed areas (New Mexico and part of Texas’s northern territory) The US agreed to give Texas $10 million in return California was admitted to the U.S. as a free state Territories could vote on the issue of slavery Stronger Fugitive Slave Act and ban on slavery in Washington D.C.

What happened to Mexico? After the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), Mexico ceded, or gave up, land that now makes up many of the southwestern states.

Before the Compromise of 1850

After the Compromise of 1850

A Lasting Solution? The Compromise of 1850 helped the United States avoid sectional conflicts, secession (withdrawal from the United States), and civil war for several years. However, what eventually happens next? Stay tuned!

TUESDAY JANUARY 19th GET VOCABULARY SHEET OUT FOR SPINNER GAME 1 TUESDAY JANUARY 19th GET VOCABULARY SHEET OUT FOR SPINNER GAME 1. 1845 2. Anson Jones 3. President James K. Polk 4. Manifest Destiny 5. Compromise of 1850 6. Mexican War 7. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 8. German Immigration

1845 The year Texas was annexed by the United States.

Anson Jones Was leader during the annexation of Texas

James K. Polk 11th President of the United States James K. Polk 11th President of the United States. Wanted to annexed Texas and expand the Unites States to Pacific Ocean with his strong belief in Manifest Destiny.

Manifest Destiny  belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent

Compromise of 1850 Admitted California as a non- slave state to the union and new borders were established for Texas.

Mexican War A war between the U. S Mexican War A war between the U.S. and Mexico spanned the period from spring 1846 to fall 1847. The war was initiated by the United States and resulted in Mexico's defeat and the loss of approximately half of its national territory in the north.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Eneded the conflict between Unites States and Mexico and set the boundary for Texas at the Rio Grande.

German Immigration Many Germans immigrated to Texas because they were attracted to the cheap land and mild climate