States of Matter also known as Phases of matter

There are four… Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Plasma Plasma These are the physical forms in which matter can exist.

All Particles are in motion… The state (phase) of a substance is determined by The state (phase) of a substance is determined by how fast the particles are movinghow fast the particles are moving how strongly the particles are attracted to one another.how strongly the particles are attracted to one another.

How fast the particles move and How close the particles are to each other depends on the amount of thermal energy in each particle. (kinetic energy)depends on the amount of thermal energy in each particle. (kinetic energy) The more energy they have, the faster they move and the farther apart they move.The more energy they have, the faster they move and the farther apart they move.

Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

What is a Solid? definite shape definite volume tightly packed particles particles vibrate around a fixed position. Heat

Types of Solids Crystalline Crystalline Very orderly 3-D arrangement of atoms or moleculesVery orderly 3-D arrangement of atoms or molecules Distinct melting pointDistinct melting point Examples: Salt, sugar, iceExamples: Salt, sugar, ice Amorphous Amorphous No regular repeating patternNo regular repeating pattern do not have a distinct melting point, but simply become softer and softer as their temperature increases. do not have a distinct melting point, but simply become softer and softer as their temperature increases. Examples: glass, plastic, rubberExamples: glass, plastic, rubber

What happens if I heat a solid?

What is a LIQUID?  Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  definite volume and an indefinite shape.  take on the shape of their container. Heat

Properties of Liquids Cohesion –particles stick to each other Cohesion –particles stick to each other Adhesion- particles stick to other stuff Adhesion- particles stick to other stuff Surface Tension- the “film” formed on the surface of a liquid due to the cohesion of the molecules Surface Tension- the “film” formed on the surface of a liquid due to the cohesion of the molecules Viscosity- resistance to flow of a liquid Viscosity- resistance to flow of a liquid

Watch these properties at work!

What happens if I heat a liquid?

What is a GAS?  Particles are very far apart and move freely.  Particles spread out to fill up their container  indefinite shape  indefinite volume  Particles can be compressed. Heat

Molecular States of Water

Solids have a definite size and shape. Liquids have a definite size but take on the shape of the container. Gases have no definite size or shape and move into all available space.

Learning Check Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas. ____ A. Has a definite volume, but shape of the container. of the container. ____ B. Its particles are moving rapidly. ____ C. Fills the volume of a container. ____ D. Particles are in a fixed structure. ____ E. Particles are close together, but slide over one another.

Solution Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas. _2_ A. Has a definite volume, but shape of the container. container. _3_ B. Its particles are moving rapidly. _3_ C. Fills the volume of a container. _1_ D. Particles are in a fixed structure. _2_ E. Particles are close together, but slide over one another.

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

What is PLASMA?  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the most common most common state of matter state of matter in the Universe! in the Universe!

Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

What state is Oobleck?