Changes at the Turn of the Century How does technology & education change America?

Technology in the City Louis Sullivan designs the skyscrapers: tall, narrow buildings w/ elevators & internal steel skeletons Electric Transit: Electrified streetcars, trains & subways allow people to move efficiently ● Engineering & Urban Planning: Steel cabled bridges and more open space in the city

New Technologies Better printing press - cheaper and faster distribution of newspapers and other print Wright Bro’s invent airplane – aviation industry will begin George Eastman introduces roll film & the Kodak camera

Expanding Public Education Mandatory schooling for children age 8-14 By 1900, US sees the growth of High Schools: with expanded curriculum expanded include science, civics, and social studies HS also offer vocational courses for males: drafting, carpentry, mechanics, clerical courses for females: typing, short hand, filing Literacy increases from 80%in 1870 to 95% by 1920

An Unequal Education Racial Discrimination: Most African Americans excluded from public secondary education (HS), attend “black schools” for K-8 Immigrants encouraged to go to school to quickly become “Americanized”, adults go to night school to learn English -Expanding Higher Education – more colleges admit students -African-Americans must attend own universities. Birth of the “Black College” (Howard, Grambling) but only 3% of blacks attend

Mass Culture - Leisure Late 1880s: Eight hour workday gives people more free time 1883: Chicago Exposition features first Ferris Wheel, 1884 Coney Island first rollercoaster (Amusement Parks born) Bicycling, tennis, spectator sports (boxing & baseball) popular Vaudeville & Ragtime are popular entertainment Spread of Mass Culture Pulitzer & Hearst begin daily newspapers 1890:First department store & chain store (FW Woolworth) open Mailed catalogs allow purchases w/o leaving house