Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Rise and Spread of Islam 6

Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Qur'anQur'an hadithshadiths 6

Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert 6 Ka’aba Ka’aba Mecca Mecca

Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert 6 Medina Medina hijrah hijrah

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Background –Bedouins –Camel herding Clan Identity, Rivalries, and Vengeance –Clans  Grouped into tribes –Shayks –Free warriors

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Towns and Long-Distance Trade –Entrepots –Mecca  Umayyad clan  Quraysh tribe  Ka’ba –Medina

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Pre-Islamic Arabia Social structure: women have important roles –Polygyny, polyandry Religion: animism, polytheism –Including Allah

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Life of Muhammad Background –Banu Hasim clan –Orphaned –Mecca –Khadijah  Revelations, 610  via Gabriel

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Life of Muhammad Persecution, Flight, and Victory –Ka’ba gods threatened –Invited to Medina, 622  Hijra –Return to Mecca, 629 –Arabs and Islam  Umma

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Genesis of Islam Universal Elements in Islam –5 Pillars  Acceptance of Islam  Prayer  Fasting during Ramadan  Payment of zakat  Hajj

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arab Empire of the Umayyads Death, 632 –Succession struggle –Consolidation and Division  Abu Bakr –Ridda Wars

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyads Conquest –Motives  Conversions  Trade & looting –Weakness of neighbors  Sassanian Empire Persia Dynasty ended, 651  Byzantium weakened

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Problem of Succession: the Sunni-Shi’a Split Uthman –3rd caliph  Murdered  Ali proclaimed caliph

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Problem of Succession: the Sunni-Shi’a Split Ali –Rejected by Umayyads –Siffin, 657  lost support  assassinated, 661 –Son, Hasan  renounced caliphate  supported son, Husayn –Killed, Karbala, 680

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Problem of Succession: the Sunni-Shi’a Split Division –Sunni – Umayyads  Mu’awiya first caliph, 660 –Shi’a – Ali’s descendants

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Push west –Stopped at Poitiers, 732 –Retain Iberia –Converts and “People of the Book”  Malawi, converts –Dhimmi, people of the book  Jews, Christians –Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Family and Gender –Islamic ideas prevail at first –Multiple marriage acceptable in certain cases –Equality of men and women in worship –Many hadiths recorded by women

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Umayyad Decline and Fall –Revolts  Merv Abbasid revolt –Umayyads defeated  750, by Abbasids

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Sunni rule –repress Shi’a –Baghdad  New capital

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Emergence of the Abbasid Dynasty

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Islamic Conversion & Malawi Acceptance –Town & Country:  Commercial Boom  Agrarian Expansion –Urban expansion  Ayan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Islamic Learning –Building  Mosques, palaces –Preservation of Greek thought –Indian number system passed on

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Early Islam and the World Spread of Islam –Unprecedented in scale, scope  local customs absorbed  diverse linguistically, ethnically  culturally tolerant –Special place of commerce influential –Preservation and expansion of knowledge