1. AP World History Chapter 6
The First Global Civilization
The Rise and Spread of Islam

3. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
Bedouins
Camel herding
Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of Vengeance
Grouped into tribes
Shaykhs, Elder or Leader of Clan.
Free warriors
Rivalry
Towns and Long-Distance Trade
Entrepot, stop off site to sell goods that will then be taken somewhere else for trade.
Mecca
Umayyad clan, clan from Mecca that led after Muhammad's death.
Quraysh tribe, controlled Mecca when Muhammad appeared they fought for control of the city.
Ka’ba
Medina

4. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic Arabia
Women have important roles
Polygamy
Poet and Neglected Gods
Animism, polytheism
Some tribes worshipped a supreme deity called Allah.
Allah is Arabic for God today.

6. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam
Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe
Orphaned, Supported by his Uncle
Lived in Mecca
Holy Merchant City
Housed the Polytheistic Gods of the Bedouins
Khadija
Wife and Merchant
Revelations, 610
via Gabriel

7. Islam Third of the Abrahamic Faiths
Persecution, Flight, and Victory
Ka’ba gods threatened
Invited to Medina, 622
Hijra, Calendar year 1
Returns to Mecca and defeats
his opposition, 629
Arabs and Islam
Umma, community of Islam
5 Pillars in Islam
Acceptance of Islam
Prayer
Fasting during Ramadan
Payment of zakat
Hajj
Islam is Islam is a monotheistic religion begun by Muhammad around 600 CE in Arabia. The word means “surrender”...to the will of god. Islam united Arab tribes, and larger empires would form based on the teachings of this religion. empire from Spain to India.

8. Weaknesses of the Adversary Empires
The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
Death of Muhammad, 632
Succession struggle
A. Consolidation and Division in the Islamic Community
Abu Bakr
Ridda Wars
B. Motives for Arab Conquest
Conversion
Booty (riches)
C. Weaknesses of the Adversary Empires
Sasanian Empire weakened and ended in 651
Zoroastrianism lacked popular roots
Byzantine Empire weakened

9. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
D. The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split
Murder of third caliph Uthman
Ali
Rejected by Umayyads
Battle of Siffin, 657
Loses support when he tries to compromise
Assassinated, 661
First Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate
Second Son, Husayn killed at Karbala, 680
Sunni – Umayyads
Shi’a – Ali’s descendants
Mu’awiya
1st Umayyad clan Caliph, 660

10. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
E. The Umayyad Imperium
Push west
Stopped in France at Poitiers, 732
Ruled an empire that stretched from Central Asia to Africa to Iberia (Spain)
Capital – Damascus, Syria
F. Converts and “People of the Book”
Malawi, converts
Dhimmi, “people of the book” – Jews and Christians
Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus are considered “people of the book”
G. Family and Gender Roles in the Umayyad Age - Islamic ideas prevail at first
H. Umayyad Decline and Fall
Revolts across the empire including Merv
Abassid revolt
750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids

11. The Abassid Era From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
Sunni rule
Repressed groups that supported them such as the Shi’a
Built a huge empire that collected taxes and preserved law and order
Baghdad
New capital
A. Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance – distinction between Mawali and earlier converts disappears
B. Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian Expansion
Great urban expansion
Sailing vessels with lateen sails - dhows
Ayan – wealthy landed elite in the countryside
C. The First Flowering of Islamic Learning
Great buildings such as mosques and palaces
Recovery of knowledge from Greece and Roman empires
Contributions in math and sciences