Demography

What is Demography ▪ Demography is the study of human population ▪ Demographers look at how and why populations grow or shrink.

Population Changes How populations grow, shrink, and change

Another thing human geographers like to look at is… …….how populations grow and change, and WHY ▪ To do this, they look at things like: – Birth Rate – Death Rate – Natural Increase Rate – Immigration Rate – Emigration Rate – Net Migration Rate

Video about population changes…birth rate and death rate

What is Demography? ▪ Some of the topics looked at in Demography  Birth rate  Death rate  Immigration  Emigration  Population growth rate  Natural increase  Dependency load  migration

On an average day in Canada there are… births per day 690 deaths per day 769 immigrants per day 135 emigrants per day

So that means….. …. on an average day there will be 836 more people in Canada at the end of the day than there was at the beginning of it

Birth Rate

▪ The number of births per year per 1000 people. ▪ # of births / total population x 1000 = BR

▪ / = ▪ x 1000 = 1 ▪ BR= 1 per 1000

Death Rate

▪ The number of deaths per year per 1000 people. ▪ # of deaths / total population x 1000 = DR

▪ / = ▪ x 1000= 0.8 ▪ DR= 0.8 per 1000

Natural Increase Rate

▪ The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country. ▪ Birth Rate- Death Rate= Natural Increase Rate

Natural Increase Rate ▪ BR= 1 ▪ DR= 0.8 ▪ BR-DR= 0.2 ▪ Natural Increase Rate= 0.2

Migration

▪ the movement of people from one place to another

Types of Migration ▪ Immigration- occurs when people arrive in a new place. ▪ Emigration-occurs when people leave a place.

Immigration Rate ▪ Refers to the number of people per 1000 population in one year who immigrate ▪ # Immigrants per year/ population x 1000= Immigration Rate

Immigration Rate ▪ / = ▪ x 1000= 0.33 ▪ IR= 0.33

Emigration Rate ▪ Refers to the number of people per 1000 population in one year who emigrate ▪ # Emigrants per year/ population x 1000= Emigration Rate

Emigration Rate ▪ / = ▪ x 1000= 0.13 ▪ ER= 0.13

Net Migration ▪ difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided per 1,000 inhabitants

Net Migration Rate Immigration Rate- Emigration Rate= Net Migration Rate = 0.2

Population Growth Rate

▪ amount that the population of a place is either increasing or decreasing over time.

Population Growth Rate ▪ So for a country’s total growth rate we look at both Natural Increase and Net Migration. ▪ Growth Rate= (Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate)

Example Natural Increase Rate = 0.9% Net Migration Rate = 0.5% Growth Rate= 0.9% + 0.5% = 1.4%

▪ Whether a country’s population is growing or declining has an enormous influence on the lives of the people. ▪ If a country’s population is growing you must consider issues with providing enough housing, education, healthcare, employment, etc. ▪ If a country’s population is declining there may be a shortage of workers and consumers to meet the needs of the country’s businesses.