Bell Work-Monday, April 6 th Performance Objective: “I can describe events of the Vietnam War.” Daily Objective: Today I will present my topic and be an ultimate listener to others. 1.What was the Ho Chi Minh Trail?

Agenda-Monday Bell Work Image Reaction Presentations

Do they have a right to protest?

Bell Work-Tuesday, April 7 th Performance Objective: “I can describe events of the Vietnam War.” Daily Objective: Today I will present my topic and be an ultimate listener to others. 1.Was it okay for protests of the Vietnam War to be targeted at the soldiers?

Agenda-Tuesday Bell Work Image Reaction Presentations

Bell Work-Wednesday, April 8 th Performance Objective: “I can describe how the United States Government operates.” Daily Objective: Today I will review the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. 1. What was the first name of the first document of the laws of the United States?

Agenda-Wednesday Bell Work Create a Government Review Notebook Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation The Constitution (Thursday) Three Branches of Government (Thursday)

The Declaration of Independence

Background January 1776 – Common Sense is distributed throughout colonies June 7, Richard Henry Lee offers a resolution to Congress that “these United Colonies…ought to be free and independent” June 11, 1776 – Congress appoints a committee to write a Declaration of Independence: Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, John Adams, Robert Livingston and Thomas Jefferson

More Background July 4, 1776 – Declaration of Independence is adopted by Congress, John Hancock was the first person to sign it August 2, 1776 – Declaration of Independence is signed by 50 present members of Congress, Franklin remarks “We must all hang together or we shall hang separately.”

Main Author – Thomas Jefferson Although there were 5 men appointed to write the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the main author – Congress only accepted the Declaration of Independence after they cut a large portion that attacked slavery

Enlightenment Jefferson used the Enlightenment ideas of JOHN LOCKE – People are born with certain natural rights: life, liberty and property – People form governments to protect these rights – If governments interfere with these rights, the people have the right to OVERTHROW them

Purpose To show why the colonies were revolting against Britain and Declaring their Independence

4 Parts of the Declaration of Independence Preamble Declaration of Natural Rights List of Grievances Resolution of Independence

PREAMBLE First part of the Declaration of Independence Introduction Explains why the Continental Congress wrote the Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Natural Rights Second part of the Declaration of Independence Lists the rights of the citizens Explains that in a republic, the government is there to protect the rights of the people Jefferson calls these rights UNALIENABLE rights, which means they can never be taken away

List of Grievances Third part of the Declaration of Independence List of the colonists’ complaints with England They specifically blame King George III There are 28 grievances, or complaints, that are listed in this section of the Declaration of Independence

Resolution of Independence Final part of the Declaration of Independence Declares that the colonies are “Free and Independent States” Includes the signatures of the signers of the Declaration of Independence

Resolution of Independence These states have the power to: – Declare war – Trade with other countries – Form alliances

The Signers John Hancock was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence. (He signed it very largely so King George could see it all the way from England.) There were 56 signers of the Declaration from all of the 13 colonies. Signing the Declaration was considered treason, punishable by death

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Penn. statesman The Articles were accepted by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution

The Articles of Confederation The fear of having too much power in one person’s hands reflects the experiences the colonies had under a monarchy In the Articles the state governments limit the power of the national Congress

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Congress had no power to raise taxes Congress had no power regulate foreign or state trade Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states Congress did not have the power to enforce laws

Strengths of the Articles of Confederation The Treaty of Paris 1783 was signed The Northwest Ordinance was past Had the power to declare war and peace, print money, make treaties and settle state disputes

Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Settling Western Lands The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks The Northwest Ordinance assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories – 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start govt – Population of 60,000 could become a state

Settling Western lands The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West It promised – no slavery – education – freedom of religion – trial by jury

Northwest Territory The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be formed from this area.

Reasons for Shay’s Rebellion Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, they have no money because they were not paid during the war Wealthy lawmakers invested their money in the war too. And seek to get money from the farmers debts

Shays’s Rebellion Poor farmers are not represented in the Mass legislature and cannot pass debt relief laws The rebellion will free debtors from prisons and close courts that are hearing cases against farmers

Shays’s Rebellion The Mass militia is called out to stop it Poor farmers in 1791 elect officials who support their stance and will close courthouses and demand financial help from the Congress Shays’s Rebellion will prompt national leaders to create a stonger central government

Samuel Adams Said What?! “Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death”

Views about Shays’s Rebellion Adams will also write a law called the Riot Act, which prohibits 12 people or more from meeting and gives the government the power to shoot rioters! Samuel sure has changed since 1776!

Thomas Jefferson Said What?! "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion."

Bell Work-Thursday, April 9 th Performance Objective: “I can describe how the United States Government operates.” Daily Objective: Today I will review the Constitution and the Three Branches of Government. 1. What are the three branches of government in the United States?

The Constitution The Constitution is the supreme law of the land

Preamble The introduction to the Constitution is called the Preamble. The Preamble begins with the phrase “We the people…” This means that the government is based on the consent of the people.

Amendment A change in the Constitution There have been 27 amendments to the Constitution. The first 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights. The Constitution did not have anything in it about the rights of the people, so the Bill of Rights were added

The Branches of Government There are three branches of government: 1. The legislative - which makes the laws 2. The executive - which enforces the laws or make sure the laws are carried out 3. The judicial - which interprets the laws or explains the laws and makes sure they are fair

Legislative Branch The legislative branch is called Congress and is made up of two Houses (parts): The House of Representatives and the Senate.

The House of Representatives States with the largest populations have the most representatives in the House. House members must be at least 25 years old or older to serve. House members are elected to a two year term. There are 435 members in the House of Representatives.

The Senate The Senate is the other part of the Congress There are two senators for each state, which means of course there are 100 Senators. Senators must be at least 30 years old. Senators are elected to a six year term.

The Executive Branch The executive branch is headed by the president. The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

The President The president is elected to a four year term. The president can only serve two terms. The president must be a citizen by birth The president must be at least 35 years old.

The Judicial Branch The Judicial Branch of the federal government is headed by the Supreme Court. Supreme Court justices are nominated by the president and approved by the Senate. There are 9 Supreme Court justices, who are appointed for life.

Checks and Balances The framers of the Constitution established a system of checks and balances to prevent any branch government from getting too powerful. Example: Congress has the right to pass bills into law, but the president can veto them, which means the bill does not become a law.

More examples If the president vetoes a law, the Congress can override his veto by a 2/3 majority. The Supreme Court can say that any law is unconstitutional. The law no longer exists.

Federalism The power of government is also split between the states and the federal government. This is called Federalism. If the Constitution does not have a law, the states can do what they want. State law cannot contradict federal law.

Dual Sovereignty Dual Sovereignty means that whatever the federal government does not make a law about, the states can act however they choose. That is why there is different state laws regarding the age of drinking alcohol, driving, the death penalty, and many more.

Your Assignment Choice One: Write a rap about the three branches of government – Must be at least 20 lines long to meet expectations Choice Two: Make a Flip Tree Picture – List each branch of government – Flip open to reveal duties of each Will also have Friday to work on this – Due at end of class on Friday

Bell Work-Friday, April 10 th Performance Objective: “I can describe how the United States Government operates.” Daily Objective: Today I will complete my three branches of government assignment. 1. Which two chambers makes up Congress?

Agenda-Friday Bell Work Turn in Bell Work Finish Project Turn in Project Turn in Notes