Chapter 7 Nationalism Triumphs in Europe

annex: to add a territory to an existing state or country. Kaiser: emperor of Germany Realpolitik: realistic politics based on the needs of the state chancellor: the highest official of a monarch; prime minister. Reich: empire. Social welfare: government programs to help certain groups of people

Section 1 & 2: Germany Essential Question: What effect(s) did nationalism and the demand for reform have on Germany?

German Confederation – Napoleon raids, reorganizes, and reforms. –German’s resist & unrest Congress of Vienna 1812 –Create German Confederation, weak alliance under Austria. Prussia creates Zollverein 1830 –Economic union to remove tariffs between German states –1848 Prussian ruler rejects to rule a German throne offered by the people.

Otto von Bismarck was Junker class (landowner nobility) Served Prussia as a diplomat 1862 appointed prime minister/chancellor Used “blood and iron” to unite Germany under Prussian rule Bismarck Unites Germany

Master of Realpolitik Strengthened Prussian Army Three victorious wars in ten years – sparks nationalism –1864 War with Denmark –1866 War with Austria –1870 Franco-Prussian War German Empire –William I becomes Kaiser of 2 nd Reich –Bismarck sets up 2-house legislature (Bundesrat –upper house & Reichstag – lower house. Bismarck Unites Germany through Foreign Policy

Bismarck Campaign against Catholic Church (Kulturkampf) & Socialists –backfired Copied Alfred Krupp’s social reforms. –Health, accident, old age insurance –Social Democratic Party grew Germany’s Domestic Policies

1888 succeeded Grandfather Believed in divine right Government provided social welfare –Cheap transportation, education Built up military Expanded navy Promoted nationalism & aggressive military which increased tensions before WWI. Kaiser William II

Section 1 Essential Question What effect(s) did nationalism and the demand for reforms have on Germany?

Bismarck untied Germany Built up military Won three wars (Denmark, Austria, Franco-Prussian) Promoted scientific & economic development Labor reform laws Social welfare