Body Composition Chapter 9

Do Now- Intro to Body Comp. Tell me anything that comes to mind when you Hear the words Body Composition. If you wanted to lower your Body Composition tell me one thing you could change about your diet today and stick with.

Somatotype Your body type 3 different Somatotypes –Ectomorph –Endomorph –Mesomorph

Ectomorph A lean, slender body type Gaining weight is a little more difficult

Mesomorph A muscular somatotype

Endomorph Rounder heavier somatotype Staying lean can prove to be harder with this body type

Lean Body Mass v.s. Body Fat Lean body mass –Muscle tissue –Bones, ligaments, tendons Body fat –Results from stored calories that have not been burned up.

Methods of Measuring Body Fat Underwater Weighing Electrical Impedence Skin fold Measurement BMI (Body Mass Index)

Underwater Weighting Most accurate Most Expensive –Pool –Scale –Trained individuals

Electrical Impedance How electricity travels though a given material Every tissue has different electrical impedance determined by its molecular composition

Skinfold Measurement Uses a skinfold caliper to measure a fold of skin and its underlying layer of fat at key locations of the body Usually taken from 3-9 anatomical spots Iliac crest (pictured above) Triceps Biceps Suprascapular (spinal area)/ Abdominal Front thigh Medical Calf Chest (near armpit)

BMI Stands for Body mass index BMI = 703 x Weight ___________ Height (in) X Height (in)

Ideal Body Weight Males- age up to 30 9%- 15% Females- age up to 30 14%- 21%

Anorexia Characterized by the refusal to maintain a minimally accepted body weight, intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image Comes from inadequate calorie intake or excessive energy expenditure Anorexics may even use laxatives, enemas, and/or other diuretics (like water pills) to help lose weight

Risk factors Absence of menstruation Skeletal muscle atrophy Low blood pressure Depression Thinning hair Damage to vital organs Death from starvation

Anorexia Begin at older ages Had a history of obesity or overweight Dennis Quaid, Elton John, Billy Bob Thornton

Bulimia Characterized by binge eating followed by purging Purging usually follows feelings of GUILT

Both mental and physical issues must be dealt with. Treatment is available through either a hospital stay, or outpatient procedures Risk Factors

Steroids Used to increase muscle size and strength

Designer Steroids An anabolic (muscle building) drug that has been structurally manipulated to mimic the muscle building effects of testosterone, while sidestepping a positive steroid test result

Major side affects For both sexes High blood pressure and heart disease High blood pressure and heart disease Liver damage and cancers Liver damage and cancers Stroke and blood clots Stroke and blood clots Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps Nausea and vomiting Nausea and vomiting Sleep problems Sleep problems Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries Severe acne, especially on face and back Severe acne, especially on face and back Baldness Baldness

A special danger to adolescents High school and middle school students and athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids have on growth. Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon. Adolescents also may be at risk for becoming dependent on steroids. Adolescents who use steroids are also more likely to use other addictive drugs and alcohol

Male Side Effects One of the more disturbing effects of steroid use for males is that the body begins to produce less of its own testosterone causing the following effects: Reduced sperm count Impotence Increase in nipple and breast size Enlarged prostate Shrinking of the testicles Infertility

Female Side Effects Since steroids act as a male hormone, females may experience the following side effects: Reduced breast size Increase in facial and body hair Deepened voice Menstrual problems Male patterned baldness

Emotional effects “Roid rage” Severe mood swings Hallucinations Paranoia Anxiety and panic attacks Depression and thoughts of suicide