Contain carbon C, H and O Include sugars and starches

Classified according to size Monosaccharides—simple sugars (contain 3-7 carbon atoms) Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars

Simple sugars Single chain/single rings structure Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

Double sugars Formed by Dehydration Synthesis

Glucose and Fructose are joined involving the removal of water molecule Dehydration Synthesis THIS IS HOW CARBOHYDRATES ARE BUILT UP FROM THEIR BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS!

Sucrose is broken down to simple sugar units when the reaction is reversed – water molecule added Hydrolysis

Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Insoluble in water

Neutral fats (triglycerides) Found in fat deposits Source of stored energy

Phospholipids Form cell membranes

Phospholipids Form cell membranes

Steroids Include cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones

Cholesterol The basis for all steroids made in the body

Account for over half of the body’s organic matter Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

Fibrous proteins Also known as structural proteins Appear in body structures Examples: collagen and keratin Stable

Globular proteins Also known as functional proteins Function as antibodies or enzymes Can be denatured

DEMO

Functional Proteins Act as biological catalysts Increase the rate of chemical reactions WITHOUT BECOMING PART OF THE PRODUCT OR BEING CHANGED ITSELF! So what does this mean?

VERY specific function Enzymes can be recognized by the suffix –ase

Provide blueprint of life Nucleotide bases A = Adenine G = Guanine C = Cytosine T = Thymine U = Uracil (RNA) Make DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Complimentary bases form double helix Replicates before cell division Provides instructions for every protein in the body