Warm up 9/21 What is an ethical dilemma you or someone you know has recently had. Or Friday’s activity. You had a hard time explaining why you made the choice to kill 5 people. Why do you think it was hard to explain

What is an Ethical Question? Begins with “should” Involves consideration of conflicting moral choices. Arise because our behavior is capable of influencing the welfare of others. Generated when the values of a person or group conflict with each other

Stakeholder or “entity” – Can be a person, a group, a country, a religious group, a corporation. ANY GROUP involved.

Values – Morals - Ethics Values signify what is important and worthwhile. They serve as the basis for moral codes and ethical reflection. One expression of values might be that ‘Life is sacred.’

Morals are codes of conduct controlling behavior Morals are codes of conduct controlling behavior. They are an expression of values reflected in actions and practices. “One should not kill” provides a guideline for action based upon values.

Ethics provide a systematic, rational way to work through dilemmas and to determine the best course of action in the face of conflicting choices. “If killing is wrong, can one justify the death penalty or kill in self-defense?”

Science vs. Ethics 1) In your lab notebook draw a line and write “Purely Subjective – all opinions” and “Purely Objective – all facts” at either ends. 2) Locate the point where they believe Science falls on the line and draw it in. 3) Locate the point where Ethics falls on the line and draw it in. 4) Draw the point where different sciences fall: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences (Psychology). Ask them to mark where Math falls. 5) Draw the point Personal Preferences fall (ex: favorite ice cream flavors)

Science vs. Ethics 4) Draw the point where different sciences fall: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences (Psychology). Ask them to mark where Math falls. 5) Draw the point Personal Preferences fall (ex: favorite ice cream flavors)

Sociologists study ethics.

Ethical Concepts and Approaches Rules An action is right if it follows certain fundamental moral rules (such as “don’t treat people as a means to an end”) Virtues An action is right if it conforms to a model set of attributes that is inherent in a particular community. Outcomes / Consequences An action is right if good consequences outweigh bad consequences.

Warm up 9/22 Yesterday we made a objective/subjective line. You should have where you put each science. Why do you think some sciences are more subjective (opinion oriented) than others?

Ethical Principles Respect for persons: Acknowledge a person’s right to make choices, to hold views, and to take actions based on personal values and beliefs. Justice: Treat others fairly, distribute benefits / burdens fairly.

Beneficence (Do good): Provide benefits to persons and contribute to their welfare. Nonmaleficence (do no harm): Obligation not to inflict harm intentionally.

Some ethicists also add Some ethicists also add.. Care: Maintain healthy, caring relationships between individuals and within a community.

Making Ethical Decisions With a partner you will evaluate a few ethical questions. For each of the following cases: Write down the ethical question. Write down what your decision on the ethical question would be Write down a few sentences justifying your decision & explaining what ethical principles you gave priority.

Ethical Question: Decision: Justification & Ethical Principles

Applying Ethical Principles When making an ethical decision each principle will be… Given priority (this means it is the most important principle in your decision) Violated (this means you don’t follow this principle so that you can give priority to a different principle) Does not apply (this means the principle does not play an important role in your decision)

Writing you justification When writing the justification for your decision in the EDMF Discuss how every ethical principle relates to you decision Use the language “given priority”, “violated”, “does not apply” to explain how you used the ethical principles.

Ethical Decisions Should parents secretly search the rooms of their children to see if they’re using drugs? Should parents treat siblings differently? Should you lie to your friends parents about his/her whereabouts if they ask you to? You haven’t done your homework and your friend offers you hers to copy from.

Test Question Create a question about either An ethical decision using the language “priority” and “violate” Or The 4 bioethical principles.

Ethical question Warm up Write one ethical question that you or your friends encounter similar to the ones you discussed yesterday. An ethical question needs: begins with “Should” Has conflicting stakeholders. There must be conflicting values. Should I have chocolate or vanilla is not an ethical question.

The Heinz Dilemma Mr. Heinz is ordinarily a law-abiding man. One day, his wife becomes gravely ill. Heinz takes her to the doctor, who prescribes a medication for her. She does quite well on this medication and begins to recover. However, Heinz has no insurance and runs out of money quickly paying for this expensive medication. After a few months, he can no longer purchase the medication and his wife begins to take a turn for the worse. One day, he is in the pharmacy and notices that no one is behind the counter. The medication is in plain view. Should he steal the medication to help his sick wife?

Ethical Warm up Robin hood steals from the rich to give to the poor. Robin hood would say that he is acting ethically. Explain what ethical principles he is giving priority and which ones he is violating.

Ethics Warm up A doctor attending to the care of a young woman recovering from breast cancer discovers the cancer has spread to her lymph nodes and appears terminal. There is a new treatment that has a very slight chance of helping and is very painful and expensive. The doctor decides to tell the young woman about this treatment along with other options to let her make the final decision. Explain what ethical principle the doctor is giving priority.

John Q ethical frameworks For each of the following ethical questions complete an ethical decision making framework to document the issues with each question, your decision and justification using ethical principles.

John Q ethical frameworks Should the hospital administrator lie to John’s wife (and therefore to John through her) and say Michael is on the list when in fact he is not in an effort to get John to release the hostages and end the situation?

John Q ethical frameworks Should the heart surgeon help John with his plan to give Mike his heart by killing himself?

John Q ethical frameworks Should John take hostages to force the hospital to put his son on the organ donor list?