Cells and Heredity

1. What are you and every other living thing made of? 2. Where do cells come from? 3. How does a cell know how to function and reproduce?

cell cycle (p.80) – The normal sequence of growth, maintenance, and division in a cell. interphase (p.81) – The period in the cell cycle in which a cell grows, maintains itself, and prepares for division. mitosis (p.81) – The phase in the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides. cytokinesis (p.81) – The division of a parent cell’s cytoplasm following mitosis.

1. Cell grows and carries out normal functions; organelles duplicate. 2. DNA replicates 1. Loose strands of DNA in the cell 2. DNA wraps around proteins 3. DNA replicates in the nucleus 3. Cell grows and prepares for mitosis.

Consider the muscle tissue in your body. What ingredients and processes formed it? How did it become a muscle?

1. DNA continues to condense as it wraps around proteins. 2. Strands of DNA condense to distinct chromosomes, each with two chromatids that are exact copies of each other. 3. The nuclear membrane disappears.

PROPHASE

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

METAPHASE

Bell Work 9/15/09 1. What are the three stages of the cell cycle? (please list them in order) 2. What are the first two stages of mitosis? 3. What is the name given to the cell that is preparing for cell division? 4. What is the name given to the cells after cell division occurs?

1. Chromatids of each chromosome split into two separate chromosomes. 2. Separated chromosomes pull to the opposite ends of the cell.

ANAPHASE

New nuclear membranes form

TELOPHASE

Cell pinches and divides.

CYTOKINESIS

BELL WORK 9/16/09 List all of the stages of the cell cycle, including all of the stages of Mitosis.

Mitosis Model 1. Separate your paper into 6 separate sections. 2. Make a model for each stage of the cell cycle, refer to bell work or foladable. 3. Use arrows or numbers to represent the correct order of the stages. 4. Make an acronym for the stages of the cell cycle. 5. Be ready to present to the class at 9:15 am.

Bell Work 9/17/09 Why do scientists make models? Write at least 3 sentences explaining the importance of models and about the model you are making.

Bell Work 9/18/09 1. Describe how cells prepare for mitosis. 2. Explain what happens to cells after cytokinesis.

Bell Work How many parents does asexual reproduction involve? 2. What is binary fission?

Vocabulary 3.3 Asexual reproduction – the process by which a single organism produces offspring that have the same genetic material Binary fission – a form of asexual reproduction by which some single-celled organisms reproduce. Prokaryotes such as bacteria reproduce by binary fission Regeneration – in some organisms, the process by which certain cells produce new tissue growth at the site of a wound or lost limb; also a form of asexual reproduction

Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary fission  occurs in prokaryotes  parent organism splits in two Budding  both unicellular and multicellular organisms  Organism develops tiny buds on its body that contain parent’s DNA  The bud grows until it forms a complete or nearly complete organism genetically identical to the parent and then breaks off from the parent Regeneration  Occurs in starfish and plants  Part of the organism is cut off and another organism is reproduced

Bell Work 9/22/09 1. List the 3 types of asexual reproduction and give an example of each.

Bell Work 9/23/09 1. Explain the similarities and differences between asexual and sexual reproduction. Write at least 3 sentences.

Bell Work 9/24/09 List the 3 things cell division is involved in and explain each.