Bacteria: Beneficial, Infectious, and Antibiotics Jung Hun Lee, Zach Ahern, Jon Wandling, and Caleb Meyer

Overview Describe four ways that bacteria benefit our lives Describe how bacteria harm our lives (in doing so define pathogen) Describe how diseases spread and how we can prevent them from spreading Discuss the difference between disinfectants and antibiotics. For each describe how they work Research 3 common antibiotics: penicillin, tetracycline, and macrolide. For each discuss how they harm bacteria What do we use antibiotics to treat?

Helpful bacteria Decomposers break down dead organisms releasing nutrients help ecosystem recycle nutrients maintains equilibrium in environment Breaks down human waste Nitrogen Fixers allows it to continually cycle through biosphere 80% of the atmosphere is nitrogen bacteria generate useable nitrogen

Human useage Human Waste digest petroleum, helps clean oil spills purifies water Digests nuclear waste Fuels Bacteria break down items into fuel newpaper poop

Pathogens Pathogen is Bacterium or virus that can cause a disease groups of microscopic organisms that can reproduce by themselves Invade body tissues release toxin in cell the invade

Harmful bactieria E. coli is pathogenic Cause extreme Diarrhea and can lead to organ damage Anthrax Spores lies dormant lie in soils but can still infect you Leathel affect animals

Spread of Diseases Direct transfer of bacteria Travel through air Physical contact Touching, kissing, coughing, and sneezing Zach Ahern

Prevention Wash hands Don't share personal things Get shots Prepare food safely Zach Ahern

Prevention Continued Stay home when infected Do not fly ill Use antibiotics only when prescribed Zach Ahern

Antibiotics Do not work against all infections Bacteria, fungi, and certain parasite infections Be used with sinus infections and strep throat Sore throat doesn't work Some diseases can be resistant Zach Ahern

Disinfectants and Antibiotics Disinfectants:Antibiotics: Compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of the human or animal hosts A chemical liquid that destroys bacteria

Antibiotics: Antibiotics are drugs that fight against infections and growth of other bacteria Many antibiotics are produced naturally by living organisms Antibiotics work by breaking down bacteria and then prevent further growth

Disinfectants: Disinfectants does not kill all microorganisms Less effective than sterilization Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes

Differences Disinfectants: Solutions used on inanimate objects to kill the microorganisms/bacteria Produced from dangerous chemicals Antibiotics: Medicine that kills bacteria in the human body Produced from organic material

Penicillin Background Penicillin was discovered by a Scottish Bacteriologist, Alexander Fleming When Fleming was cleaning his lab, he realized a mold was releasing a chemical that was killing the bacteria around it Caleb Meyer

Penicillin Penicillin fights bacteria in your body Used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria Ex: Ear Infections Caleb Meyer

Tetracycline An antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body Tetracycline is used to treat infections such as urinary tract infections or acne Caleb Meyer

Macrolide An antibiotic that fights against bacteria Macrolide inhibits bacterial protein synthesis Caleb Meyer