WHAT IS BIOLOGY?  The study of living things  (viruses-nonliving)  bio-life  ology-study of

What do Biologist? Study the diversity of life Research diseases Develop technologies Improve agriculture Preserve the environment

Branches of Biology Biology is the study of living things. Zoology is the study of animals. Botany is the study of plants. Anatomy is the study of the structure of organisms. Physiology is the study of the function of an organism. Evolution is the study of the origin of living things and the changes in them. Ecology is the study of the relationship of organisms to their environment. Bacteriology is the study of bacteria. Virology is the study of viruses. Phycology is the study of algae. Pathology is the study of diseases of organisms. Parasitology is the study of parasites. Ornithology is the study of birds. Oceanography is the study of sea water. Ichthyology is the study of fishes. Herpetology is the study of reptiles. Genetics is the study of heredity. Embryology is the study of the early development of plants and animals. Histology is the study of tissues. Bryology is the study of mosses. Mycology is the study of fungi. Taxonomy is the naming and grouping (classification) of organisms. Entomology is the study of insects. Cytology is the study of cells. Marine biology is the study of living things in the ocean Taxidermy is the preservation and mounting of animals. Paleontology is the study of fossils (life of past geological periods).

8 Characteristics of Life

1) Made up of one or more Cells cells are basic (smallest) unit of life Unicellular vs. Multicellular Unicellular= one cell Example: bacteria Multicellular= many cells Example: humans

2. Displays Organization Living things also display organization, which means they are arranged in an orderly way. Specialized cells are organized into groups that work together called tissues. Tissues are organized into organs. Organ systems work together to support an organism.

3. Growth and Development a.) GROWTH: increase in size and shape b.) DEVELOPMENT: natural changes over time ex. Egg to maggot to fly Growth

Development

4) Reproduction: a.asexual reproduction: cloning of self b. sexual reproduction: exchange of gametes (egg and sperm) Asexual Sexual

5. Responds to stimuli a.) Anything that is part of the internal or external environment and causes some sort of reaction by the organism is called a stimulus. b.) the reaction to the stimulus is called a response Plant growing toward sunlight Sun rises so the rooster crows

6. Obtain & Uses Energy energy is needed to grow, move, and process information almost all energy used by living organisms is captured from sunlight energy flows from sunlight to plants, from plants to plant-eating organisms, from plant-eaters to meat-eaters

7. Maintain Homeostasis all organisms must maintain a stable internal environment in order to function properly organisms respond to changes in their external environment, adjusting their processes accordingly HOMEOSTASIS: internal balance

8. Adapt and Evolve An adaptationis any inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time. change in inherited traits of a species over time is called evolution organisms with genes that allow them to better meet nature’s challenges are more likely to survive (natural selection)

IN ORDER TO BE ALIVE YOU MUST: 1. Made up of one or more cells 2. Display Organization 3. Grow and develop 4. Reproduce 5. Respond to stimuli 6.Require energy 7. Maintain homeostasis 8. Adapt and evolve over time