Life Processes in Living Things Biology I

Transport How does the organism move needed substances into & out of cells? Plants Xylem: moves water & minerals up Phloem: moves food up & down Diffusion, Osmosis, Endocytosis, Exocytosis Cellular basis Circulatory System Move across large distances Open vs. Closed

Transport – Cellular Level

Transport - Plants

Transport – Circulatory System

Excretion How does the organism removal waste from the body? Diffusion: high  low (cell to cell) Plants: transpiration (H2O & O2) Protists: contractile vacuole, anal groove Animals: Diffusion Malpighian Tubules (insects) Kidneys

Excretion - Protist

Excretion - Mammals

Respiration How are O2 & CO2 exchanged? Transpiration (in plants) Simple diffusion through moist surface Skin Trachae (insects) Gills (aquatic organisms Lungs (higher animals)

Respiration - Plants

Respiration - Animals

Regulation/Homeostasis To maintain balance/equilibrium Single-Celled Organism - diffusion Multi-cellular Organisms Nutrients – blood sugar Wastes Body Temp pH

Nutrition Process of getting nutrients into the cells of the body Protists: endocytosis, oral groove, diffusion Plants: roots, photosynthesis Animals: digestive system, villi

Nutrition - Endocytosis

Nutrition

Reproduction Continuation of the species/offspring Asexual: identical to parents Binary Fission – bacteria and/or protists Budding Fragmentation Sexual: variation from parents External: sperm + egg meet outside the body Must live in water Internal: sperm + egg meet inside the body

Asexual – Binary Fission

Asexual - Budding

Asexual - Fragmentation

Sexual – creates variation External Fertilization

Sexual Internal Fertilization

Growth & Development Growth: increase in amount Development: changes mitosis Development: changes Amniotic Egg –creates a boundary that allows the embryo to develop on land (w/o water) Metamorphosis Complete: egg  nymph  adult Incomplete: egg  larva  pupa  adult Butterflies, flies

Complete Metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Amniotic Egg