 Autosome: the first 22 homologous pairs of chromosomes  Sex Chromosome: X and Y chromosome (the 23 rd set of chromosomes)  Female: XX  Male: XY

KARYOTYPE

 Karyotype:  A visual representation of homologous chromosomes – chromosome pairs are arranged by number, size, and shape  BSCS Pg. 750

 Sex – Linked Trait: A trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome  phenotype

 A genetic disorder is a condition caused by an abnormal gene or chromosome  Can be caused by…  Extra chromosome  Deletion of chromosome  Abnormal chromosome (ex: missing gene) Genetic Disorder

Most common symptoms are intellectual disability and physical abnormalities

 Down Syndrome: Extra 21 chromosome  Most common genetic disorder (1/1000)  Poor immune system  Klinefelter Syndrome: Extra X chromosome (Male)  Most common genetic disorder in males (1/1000)  No noticeable symptoms (less muscles & facial hair than other males)  Edward’s Syndrome: Extra 18 chromosome  -80% of affected patients are females  Most babies survive for only ~5-10 days after birth  Patau Syndrome: Extra 13 chromosome  ~80% of children within first year  Severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities Genetic Disorders YOU discovered in the JOUNG HOSPITAL

 What can doctors use to identify genetic disorders?  KARYOTYPE  What is a karyotype?  A visual representation of your chromosomes Review….