1. Cell Reproduction 8.1 (p. 146-147)
Sex chromosomes = determine the sex of the organism and other related characteristics
Named X and Y
Females are XX
males are XY

3. Cell Reproduction 8.1 (p. 146-147)
Autosomes = all of the other chromosomes in an organism
Auto = self soma = body
Autosomes are homologous chromosomes
Homologous = same size and shape, and same genes
Humans: 23 pairs of chromosomes
22 autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes

4. Cell Reproduction 8.1 (p. 146-147)
Haploid cells = cells that have half or only one set of chromosomes (1n)
1n is one set of n chromosomes
When sperm and egg combine each contributes 1n chromosomes
This creates a new cell with a 2n chromosomes (1n + 1n = 2n)
This is the first cell off a NEW and unique organism
If humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
n=23
What does 2n = ?

5. Cell Reproduction 8.1 (p. 146-147)
Diploid cells = cells that have two sets (2n) of chromosomes Somatic cells = diploid cells; all cells that are not sex cells Karyotype = full set (2n) of an individual organism’s chromosomes (p.147)

7. Phenotypes of Down Syndrome

8. Phenotypes of Patau Syndrome

9. Phenotypes of Turner Syndrome

10. Cell Reproduction 8.1 (p. 146-147)

11. Cell Reproduction 8.1 (p. 146-147)