11-1 Chapter 11 Experiments and Test Markets
11-2 Learning Objectives Understand... uses for experimentation advantages and disadvantages of the experimental method seven steps of a well-planned experiment internal and external validity with experimental research designs
11-3 Learning Objectives three types of experimental designs and the variations of each functions and types of test marketing used in experimenting with new marketing products and services
11-4 Causal Evidence Agreement between IVs and DVs Time order of occurrence Extraneous variables did not influence DVs
11-5 Evaluation of Experiments Advantages Ability to manipulate IV Use of control group Control of extraneous variables Replication possible Field experiments possible Disadvantages Artificiality of labs Non-representative sample Expense Focus on present and immediate future Ethical limitations
11-6 Exhibit 11-1 Experimentation in the Research Process
11-7 Conducting an Experiment Specify treatment levels Control environment Choose experimental design Select and assign participants Pilot-test, revise, and test Collect data Analyze data Select relevant variables
11-8 Exhibit 11-2 Experiment of Placement of Benefits Module
11-9 Selecting and Assigning Participants Random assignment Matching
11-10 Random Assignment
11-11 Exhibit 11-3 Quota Matrix Example
11-12 Measurement Options Scaling techniques Physiological measures Physiological measures Options Paper-and- pencil tests Observation Self- administered instruments
11-13 Validity in Experimentation ExternalInternal
11-14 Threats to Internal Validity Threats MaturationHistoryTesting Instrumentation Selection Statistical regression Experimental mortality
11-15 Additional Threats to Internal Validity Diffusion of treatment Compensatory equalization Compensatory rivalry Resentful disadvantaged Local history
11-16 Threats to External Validity Reactivity of testing on X Interaction of selection and X Other reactive factors
11-17 Experimental Research Designs Pre-experiments True experiments Field experiments
11-18 After-Only Case Study X O Pre-experiment
11-19 One Group Pretest- Posttest Design O 1 X O 2 Pre-experiment
11-20 Static Group Comparison X O 1 O 2 Pre-experiment
11-21 Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design RO1XO2RO3O4RO1XO2RO3O4 True experiment
11-22 Posttest-Only Control Group Design True experiment RXO1RO2RXO1RO2
11-23 Nonequivalent Control Group Design O1XO2O3O4O1XO2O3O4 Field experiment
11-24 Separate Sample Pretest- Posttest Design RO 1 (X) R XO 2 Field experiment
11-25 Group Time Series Design R O 1 O 2 O 3 X O 4 O 5 O 6 R O 7 O 8 O 9 O 10 O 11 O 12 Field experiment
11-26 Test Market Selection Isolation Control of distribution Control of distribution Criteria Representative Over-testing Media coverage Multiple locations
11-27 Types of Test Markets Standard Controlled Electronic Simulated Virtual Web-enabled
11-28 Exhibit 11-5 Test Market Cities
11-29 Key Terms Blind Control group Controlled test market Dependent variable Double-blind Environmental control Experiment Experimental treatment External validity Field experiment Hypothesis Independent variable Internal validity
11-30 Key Terms Matching Operationalized Quota matrix Random assignment Replication Test market –Electronic test market –Simulated test market –Standard test market –Virtual test market Treatment levels Web-enabled test market
11-31 Exhibit 11-6