 What is different between these 2 sequences? GGAATTCCTAGCAAT CCTTAAGGATCGTTA CTACGTGAGGAATTC GATGCACTCCTTAAG.

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Presentation transcript:

 What is different between these 2 sequences? GGAATTCCTAGCAAT CCTTAAGGATCGTTA CTACGTGAGGAATTC GATGCACTCCTTAAG

 Only color & order of bases!  The actual chemical nucleotides are the SAME, even though the blue is sequence from US (eukaryotes) and the green is from bacteria (prokaryotes)!  So, DNA in plants, bacteria and us is chemically the SAME!!! That means, bacteria can “read” our DNA! (transcribe & translate our genes!)  Because of this, we can put our genes (or plant genes) in bacteria- this is what Recombinant DNA technology does!

 Plasmid : a small circular DNA molecule that is not part of the bacterial chromosome; replicates independently  Restriction Enzyme: Molecular scissors that cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence  Ex.: EcoRI CATCGAATTCAC GTAGCTTAAGTG

 DNA Ligase: An enzyme that joins 2 DNA fragments together (the “glue gun”).  Escherichia coli strains: Weakened strains of bacteria that are used to grow the plasmids.  Transformation: Process used to put the plasmid back into the bacteria



 Make lots of copies of the sequence  More of an issue before the human genome project  Mutate or change 1 human gene separate from the other 28,000 genes….  Make lots of a human protein cheap & easily! (ex. is human insulin)