The Reign of Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana ʻ ole Keoni Ocalvey Honors Hawaiian History Mrs. Kimberly Glassco Period 4 Ke Ali ʻ i Maka ʻ āinana

Background Born on March 26, 1871, Kūhiō grew up as a prince of the Kingdom of Hawai ʻ i. Educated in California, Japan, and England (Agriculture & Business) Kūhiō was set to become king after the death of Kalākaua but the overthrow took place on January 17, 1893 and Kūhiō had no future of ruling Hawai‘i as the King.

Conditions During Reign Number of pure Hawaiians from 29,799 to 23, Native Hawaiian life expectancy 30.2 years 1925 infant mortality rate 13.6% Bad living conditions in cities

1920 Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (Cultural) Established permanent land base for Native Hawaiians With amendments is still in effect today Took 10 years of work by Kūhiō

200,000 Acres 5% of Hawaii All land used residentially for Homes or traditional Hawaiian farming Must be 50% or greater Hawaiian Also issue loans to build homes

Cultural Effects Retuned Hawaiians to land Many living in tenant homes downtown Land to grow traditional crops Owing land major part of Hawaiian culture Could practice traditions

61 separate census-designated zones

One of more recent Hawaiian Homeland Projects Waianae Median household income is $63, percent of its residents identify as Pacific Islander Eco-Friendly means less on utilities Kaupuni Village Net-Zero Subsidized Housing

49-lot subdivision in Kekaha, Kaua’i 104-unit Village Leiali’i, Maui

Hawaii Civic Club (Social) Kuhio helped form the first Hawaiian Civic Club in 1918 as an “effort to further perpetuate and rehabilitate the Hawaiian people and their culture.” A civic club is “a type of organization whose official goal is to improve neighborhoods through volunteer work by its members”

Hawaiian Civic Club now has 49 organizations across Hawaii The current mission statement is “To malama our members, their families, and the communities in which we live.” Most members are Hawaiian or people striving to support the culture and heritage of Native Hawaiians

Social Effects Social because civic club connects friends, family, and Hawaiian people towards greater causes. They communicate with each other and do good for their communities. Many service days and special projects

Rededicated Ahu Pohaku Community Service Events

Appropriations for Pearl Harbor (Economic) Use of Pearl Harbor had been given to the United States by Kalakaua but nothing had been done to develop its potential While in Washington Kuhio went directly to President Theodore to help him get the appropriation (ask for money) onto the floor of Congress. Kuhio received a $27 milllion “appropriation” for the dredging and constructing of Pearl Harbor and millions of other dollars for the many army installations on Oahu He was placed on the Military Affairs Committee of the House and became a great friends of the naval and army officers who wanted to develop Hawaii as the Pacific outpost

Dredged area of Pearl Harbor Dredger

Economic Effects In 2009 the Department of Defense spent a total of billion dollars in Hawaii billion went to personnel in Hawaii billion was spent on obtaining equipment and supplies

There are 75,473 retirees in Hawaii who receive benefits Over 365 million in retirement benefits per year

Overthrow (Intellectual) High in councils of plotters of the revolution Recruited as participant by John Wise Helped attain financial pledges Worked alongside Liliuokalani Plan failed because of disloyalty Many were arrested including Kūhiō

“Lifting American Flag of ‘Iolani Palace” “Opposition to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii”

Effects today Kūhiō, true royalty, standing up against the Overthrow has shown that Hawaiians were against it Academically this rebellion is said to be one of the first acts of resistance by Hawaiian people Led to a lot of other acts of resistance by Hawaiian people up till today Has encouraged many more Hawaiians to stand up for their beliefs and research

Role in Congress (Political) Democracy brought Kuhio home. He immediately assumed the leadership the people looked for from their ali‘i. He became a member of the republican party. He held positions in the Congress for 10 terms and also held positions in Home Rule party of Hawaii. He became a member of the republican party.

Kūhio was well respected throughout Hawaii for his leadership skills and his ability to represent the Hawaiian people. This is shown by the ease in which he was able to serve high up in the Home Rule Party of Hawaii even after being out of the political scene for quite a long time. Also Kūhiō was elected delegate to the U.S. Congress as a Republican. He served from March 4, 1903 until his death, winning ten elections. Most important bill Kuhio was able to pass was the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act. Also got appropriations (money) for the leper colony at Kalaupapa, obtained increased federal aid for Hawaii’s department of Education and gained a greater return on federal revenue earned in Hawaii.

Himeni Ahahui O Kuhiō E uli e, e na poki ʻ i E o ʻ u mau haku o ka ʻ āina E nā pua a ʻ Umi me Liloa E ui e, e ui nei Hui: Ko leo paoa mai nei E paea mai nei E na mamo a Kamehameha E ō mai Eia mākou e Kalaniana ʻ ole E ke Li ʻ i Kuhiō E o ʻ u mau haku maka ʻ āinana Eia au e lokahi e E hili e ʻ onia i pa ʻ a Lokahi i ka umauma I lei ho ʻ ohie no ka lanakila Ke ui nei ke ui nei

Turn together, o younger brothers O my lords of the land O descendants of ʻ Umi and Liloa Turn, turn and hearken Chorus: Your voice reaches Reaches us O children of Kamehameha Respond Here we are, O Kalaniana ʻ ole O Chief Kuhiō and O my lords and commoners Dwell in peace entwined together Take a firm stand Be of one heart Wear the wreath of victory Turn together and heed

Political Effects First Hawaiian Congress Person Developed Relationships with political leaders in Washington Instituted local government at the county level, creating the county system still used today in Hawai ʻ i. Hawaiian Homelands Commission act and the others that followed continue to be controversial in contemporary Hawaiian politics, and have been used to justify more recent legislation like the Akaka Bill.

Hawai`i National Parks bill (Geographical) Kuhio helped to obtain passage of the bill that created Kilauea National Park. He introduced the Hawai`i National Park bill which establishing both Kilauea and Haleakala areas as parklands. 12 th National Park in America

Effects today Protects surrounding areas and ecological areas. Gives sacred places respect Maintains many endangered Hawaiian species in the unique habitats. Encompasses two of the world’s most active volcanoes

Led Rebellion Against Republic of Hawaii (Intellectual) Started first Hawaiian Civic Club (Social) Hawaii National Park Bill (Geographic) Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (Cultural) Appropriation for the Dredging and Construction of Pearl Harbor (Economic) Review Points

Photo Citations Prince Kuhio. Digital image. Auliiluau. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept Lymburner, Jennifer. Digital image. Jenniferlymburner. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept Digital image. Pbs. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept Kekaha-beach. Digital image. Hawaiiforvisitors. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept Prince Kuhio Hawaii Civic Club. Digital image. Pkhcc. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept Haiku-Valley. Digital image. Koolaupokohcc. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept DredgeTurbineinPearlHarbor. Digital image. Photobucket. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept

Citations Burgess, Kāwika K. Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana ʻ ole: Ke Keiki Ali ʻ i Hope Loa O Hawai ʻ i Nei. Hilo, Hawai ʻ i: Hale Kuamo ʻ o, Print. Kamae, Lori Kuulei. The Empty Throne: A Biography of Hawaii's Prince Cupid. Honolulu: Topgallant Pub., Print. Beers, William Henry. Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole. N.d. TS, Hawaii Pacific Collection. Kamehameha Schools Kapalama, n.p. "Prince Kuhio Speaks to All." The Pacific Commercial Advertiser [Honolulu] 28 Oct. 1902: 1+. Print. Pukui, Mary Kuulei. Himeni Ahahui O Kuhiō. N.d. Huapala. Web. 14 Sept C42, Stat108 Cong., Dept. of Hawaiian Home Lands (1920) (enacted). Print. HAWAIIAN HOMES COMMISSION ACT, 1920 "Ko`olaupoko Hawaiian Civic Club." Koolaupoko Hawaiian Civic Club. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept Fujimoto, Dennis. "Prince Kuhio Celebrated near His Birthplace in Koloa." Thegardenisland.com. N.p., 24 Mar Web. 30 Sept Hosek, James R., Aviva Litovitz, and Adam C. Resnick. How Much Does Military Spending Add to Hawaii's Economy? Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, Web. 29 Sept