Nov 30 Appeals, Rhetorical Fallacies, and Persuasive Techniques

In your Journal What type of appeal do you most in your arguments? Logos, Pathos, or Ethos. Please give an example Test corrections/tutorials during lunches or before school Wednesday Pre-AP only: Vocab pg. 70 tomorrow

Today we will: examine appeals and persuasive techniques, and rhetorical fallacies So We Can: Identify and use appeals and persuasive techniques in our own writing I will know I have it when I can: identify persuasive techniques and appeals in Ronald Regan’s speech.

Types of Appeals Logos- Appeals to logic through statistics, facts, and examples. Look for facts and numbers here.

Types of Appeals Pathos- Appeals to emotion through connotative language and imagery. (They may try to scare you with violent language or make you laugh by telling a joke)

Types of Appeals Ethos-Appeals to ethics by making the audience believe that the writer is credible and trustworthy.

Review 3 Types of Appeals Logos- logic, facts, numbers Pathos-emotion words Ethos-do the right thing

Rhetorical Fallacies Categorical claim Exaggeration Stereotyping Ad hominem False Analogy False Authority Cause and Effect

Categorical Claims Categorical Claim is based on the faulty logic of relating two things solely because they are in the same category. She writes a lot in her journal. A person who writes a lot is certain to be a good writer. Therefore, she must be a good writer. Chihuahuas are good inside dogs. Rottweilers are dogs; therefore, Rottweilers would be good inside dogs, too.

Exaggeration Exaggerations occur when we overstate or overemphasize a point. The school test scores have improved dramatically since the new principal came on board. Obviously her leadership has been a real benefit for our school. There must have been a hundred million birds in that tree!

Stereotyping Stereotypes are general beliefs we use to categorize people, objects, and events wrongly or in too general a way. I got bit by a large dog when I was little, so I stay away from all dogs now; they are vicious. Anyone who lives in that neighborhood is rich and stuck-up.

Ad Hominem Ad Hominem--Attacking the individual instead of the argument. Examples: 1. You are so stupid your argument couldn't possibly be true. 2. I figured that you couldn't possibly get it right, so I ignored your comment. 3. Why should we think a candidate who recently divorced will keep her campaign promises?

False Analogy The assumption that because two things are alike in some respects, they are alike in others. If we put humans on the moon, we should be able to find a cure for the common cold. Example: "Guns are like hammers--they're both tools with metal parts that could be used to kill someone. And yet it would be ridiculous to restrict the purchase of hammers--so restrictions on purchasing guns are equally ridiculous."

Authority False Authority: asks audiences to agree with the writer based simply on his or her character or the authority of another person or institution who may not be fully qualified to offer that assertion. My high school teacher said it, so it must be true.

Cause and Effect Cause and Effect--assuming that the effect is related to a cause because the events occur together. 1.Example: When the rooster crows, the sun rises. Therefore, the rooster causes the sun to rise. 2.Example: When the fuel light goes on in my car, I soon run out of gas. Therefore, the fuel light causes my car to run out of gas.

For Reagan Speech: Vocab to know-Diffusing the Text Khrushchev (person) Prosperity Unprecedented Declining Inescapable Comity Profound Token liberalization

Ronald Regan Speech-Formative Put your name on it. Read it out loud. Speech starts with “In the 1950’s” With your family, highlight the logos/ethos/pathos in one color. Highlight any rhetorical fallacies in another color

Formative Grade Now answer 1-8 on your handout You must answer with complete sentence and text evidence for 1-4 and 6-8.

Actual Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtYdjbpBk6A

Summative Nine questions (5 multiple choice, 5 short answer) We Shall Overcome- from a speech given by President Lyndon Johnson in support of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Sentence Variation #41 Please paste in Sentence Variation section of your writer’s notebook. #41 Fact VS. Opinion Definition: A fact is something that is true about a subject and can be tested or proven. An opinion is what someone thinks about that subject. There is debate on whether to use cellphones in schools. Cellphones are a safety necessity in schools. The “Green movement” is about eco-friendly consumer choices. The “Green movement” alone is not enough to dramatically impact the environment. Your own example sentences using fact and opinion.