Solution or Pure Substance

Let’s start with a brainstorming activity Make a web/chart of everything you know about solutions

What are solutions? A solution is a homogeneous mixture A homogeneous mixture is one where particles are evenly mixed You cannot tell the difference between the particles There are two components in a solution

What are the two components of a solution? A solution is made up of a solvent and a solute Solute is the component in a solution which exists in a smaller quantity Solvent is the component in a solution which exists in a greater quantity In general, in solution chemistry, the solid (solute) is dissolved in a liquid (solvent) We say something is soluble when the solute can dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture

Can we combine an infinite amount of solute with a solvent? The amount of one substance that will dissolve in a certain amount of another at a specific temperature refers to the solubility of a substance Solubility varies with temperature Why? Many reasons, one is KMT and the other has to do with surface area.

Saturated vs Unsaturated When no more solute will dissolve, we say the solution is saturated When more solute can dissolve, we say the solution is unsaturated

Can liquids dissolve in a solution? Yes, we refer to how liquids mix with one another as being miscible (soluble) or being immiscible (insoluble) Polar liquids will be miscible with another polar liquid Water and alcohol Non-polar liquids will be miscible with another non-polar liquid Salad oil and motor oil A non-polar liquid will not be miscible with a polar liquid Oil and water LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE!

Dilution Calculations Remember C1V1 = C2V2 We can write it as well as M1V1 = M2V2 Just remember, we use dilutes to dilute things and make the solution less concentrated

Example A student has 500.0 mL of a 0.40M NaCl solution. How much water is needed to make it a 0.10M solution?

Example A chemist adds water to 120.0mL of a 6.00M solution of NaOH until the final volume is 2.00L. What is the molarity of the resulting solution?

Example What concentration results when 150.0mL of 0.36M solution of MgSO4 are added to 750.0mL of water?

Homework Page 194 #1-4