Protein Synthesis Part I. Transcription

Standards: BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA. BI4. b. Students know how to apply the genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acids from a sequence of codons in RNA. BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA.

Standards Explanation 4.a.-ribosomes make proteins by reading a mRNA message,which has a code for a specific protein. 5.a.-DNA-double helix-contain genetic info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA, protein-make up many parts of the body 5.b.-DNA-(A-T, C-G), RNA-(A-U, C-G, (T)-A)

Objectives: SWBAT explain the genetic factors that influence the way we look. recognize that DNA contains the genetic information that determines the way we look. explain the structure and function of DNA. predict the physical characteristics of an organism based on its genetic make up. understand the general pathway by which ribosomes make proteins

Protein Synthesis Analogy Protein synthesis is like…A Candy Factory

Review-How does your DNA determine what you look like at the molecular level? Your traits are determined by your DNA because your DNA has codes/instructions for your traits called genes. Genes contain the codes for proteins, which make-up many structures such as your fingernails, hemoglobin, muscles, and the color of your eyes. The process of converting the instructions of your traits from your genes into protein molecules is called protein synthesis.

Review-What is the central dogma? The central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

What is RNA? Long strand of nucleotides Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) A working copy of a single gene

What is transcription? To transcribe means “to copy” Copying a gene sequence from DNA into a complementary strand of RNA Occurs in the nucleus.

What are the steps of transcription? RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and unwinds it. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to make a RNA strand. Once the gene is transcribed, the RNA detaches from the DNA.

Transcription

What is RNA’s function in protein synthesis? Assembly of amino acids into proteins is controlled by RNA because RNA is a copy of gene that is used as a “code” or instructions for a specific protein.

Summary Questions: How are DNA and RNA different? Summarize the process of transcription. What is the function of RNA in protein synthesis?