Eco-driving in theory and practice Helena Strömberg, lic. eng. Chalmers University of Technology Division Design & Human Factors Department of Product and Production Development Presentation for GAIT Turkey - EU Partnership for Sustainable Transportation,

My studies of eco-driving Eco-driving in a Swedish context –Long experience of promoting eco-driving Focus on uptake and promotion of eco-driving –Education –In-vehicle feedback systems Studies of eco-driving in both professional and private contexts –Field trials –Interviews with drivers

Eco-driving in theory: What is eco-driving? A collection of behaviours to reduce the environmental impact of driving

4 Strategic, tactical and operational Division of behaviours in relation to time –Operational: during driving –Tactical: in preparation for trip –Strategic: long-term choices and maintenance Potential for impact varies from Sivak & Schoettle, 2012

5 Swedish drivers’ understanding of eco-driving Professional bus drivers –Coherent and extensive knowledge –Operational eco-driving –Generally positive attitude Private drivers –Heterogeneous and limited knowledge –Spread out across strategic, tactical, and operational –Varied attitudes

Private drivers’ understanding

Eco-driving in practice Studies focus on operational eco-driving Can reduce fuel consumption, decrease accidents, and create a better working environment for professional drivers

Theory ≠ Practice POTENTIAL SAVINGSDOCUMENTED SAVINGS

9 Encouraging eco-driving in buses Field trial of eco-driving interventions Coaching & feedback system 54 drivers, 2 coaches, 1 manager

Variation in fuel saving “it’s only in the city where you can see if things really work”

11 Why theory ≠ practice Bus driving NOT optimal eco- driving –Stopping frequently to let passengers on/off –Queuing at bus stops –Getting stuck in inner-city traffic Timetables cause time pressure –Dashboard design reinforced conflict between two goals Work environment factors –State of buses –Passenger behaviour Weather and road condition

Overview of influences on operational eco-driving

Implications For private drivers Integrating eco-driving into driving education works (and spreads) Consider promoting the span of different eco-driving levels –Acknowledge the varying effect on the different levels For professional drivers The occupational tasks, the organisation, and the urban environment may offer obstacles to practicing “perfect” eco-driving. Barriers not confined to the vehicles – more holistic approach necessary for interventions –Build and invest in better vehicles, comfortable and durable –Create supportive organisational environment, remove goal conflicts –Improve infrastructure, e.g. bus lanes