9/30 TUESDAY “Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties.” ― Abraham Lincoln Explain what you think Lincoln meant by this quote.  AoC (p7) Quiz  Page 9 Fun Review  Independent Review  Work on study guide!

Federalist & anti-federalist Federalist wanted a strong central government. Anti-Federalist are opposed to a strong central government. (Thomas Jefferson) To get the Anti-federalist to agree with the type of government, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and others wrote a document called The federalist Papers. This document created what we have today the Bill of Rights. This also created states rights.

Limited Government -belief that a gov’ts powers should be limited -the rule of law (Magna Carta) Everyone must follow the law, even those that govern. -protects against abusive government -majority rule is not always acceptable… -prevents abuse by factions- group of people connected by a shared belief/opinion w/in a larger group Conflict within a nation/gov’t - Constitution listed powers not given to the government and rights that are to be guaranteed.– (Thanks Bill of Rights!)

Checks and Balances -system designed to have the separate parts of government watch over each other Examples: -Executive- can veto bills -Legislative- approves presidential appointments -Judicial- declare something unconstitutional

Separation of powers Many still feared a strong central government so the framers of the Constitution created a limited government. Many still feared a strong central government so the framers of the Constitution created a limited government. Limited Government is divided powers leading to the branches of government today. 3 branches: LEJ To further safeguard against the abuse of power, the Constitution gave each branch of government a way to check and balance the power of the other branches.

Separation of Powers -philosophy that the best government is one where the functions of governing are divided. -keep the individual parts from becoming abusive -executive -legislative -judicial

Popular Sovereignty -the right of the people to rule themselves -We have the power -direct democracy -history of town meetings to practice self gov’t -representative democracy -carried out through elections -elected representative rule on our behalf

Federalism -Federalism -system of two or more governments that operate together and share powers over citizens (federal, state, local) -gives greater control to the governments closest to the citizen -local -state -national

Enumerated Powers -Enumerated, delegated, expressed, exclusive -these are the names given to powers that are given to the Federal government by the Constitution What are some of those powers?? declare war make peace make treaties naturalization and citizenship, Immigration printing currency regulate interstate commerce postal system…

Concurrent Powers -Concurrent powers -powers that are shared by the different levels of government making laws enforcing laws borrowing money taxing provide for welfare and safety of citizens

Reserved Powers -Re s erved Powers -these are powers that are given to the state governments under the Federalism system state commerce Education local government control voting welfare and safety of citizens

Presidency of George Washington First president of the United states. He set important patterns for future presidents. He favored nonintervention in Europe. He responded to the Whiskey Rebellion by showing his constitutional authority to enforce the law and that if Americans did not like the law the way to change it was through petition to Congress peacefully.

EXECUTIVE EXAMPLE -National Hero -set many precedents for future leaders -developed Cabinet – President’s closest advisors -defined appointment powers – like: power to appoint judges **1 st appointment: Chief Justice (head honcho) of the Supreme Court -expanded foreign affairs powers -became legislative leader washington

1 ST CONGRESS -Bill of Rights ratified 10 Amendments (1789) 1: RAPPS 2: ARMS 3: NO QUARTERING 5: grand jury, no double jeopardy, eminent domain, due process, no self-incrimination -passed Judiciary Act - Supreme Court, State courts, and 13 Circuit courts, Office of Attorney General --- CREATED Article III of the Constitution established the federal court system and the power of the Supreme Court

POLITICAL AFFAIRS -British harassment of settlers in the west -French Revolution in British and French at war -U.S. neutrality – caused British and French to get mad at us! -Whiskey Rebellion (1794) -farmer’s rebellion over an excise tax on whiskey they produced (in Western PA) -rebellion crushed by Washington and the army before it begins - proves the strength of the new federal gov’t events/pande22.html mepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

Political Parties Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were apart of Washington Administration Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were apart of Washington Administration Thomas Jefferson believed that the national government must limit its power to those describe by the constitution. Hamilton wanted to expand the power of the government to stabilize the nation and its economy. In Washington Farwell address he warned of the dangers of political parties.

Presidency of John Adams John Adams was the second president of the United States John Adams was the second president of the United States Elected in 1796 Elected in 1796 His presidency was plagued by conflicts with France and Great Britain which crippled the economy. His presidency was plagued by conflicts with France and Great Britain which crippled the economy. Congress during this time increased citizenship requirements. Congress during this time increased citizenship requirements. Congress also tried to limit speech and press rights. Congress also tried to limit speech and press rights. Jefferson and Madison argued states can refuse to enforce federal laws they did not agree with( States rights concept) Jefferson and Madison argued states can refuse to enforce federal laws they did not agree with( States rights concept)