Overview of SoLID Jian-ping Chen, JLab SoLID Collaboration Meeting Nov. 7-8, 2014

Overview of SoLID Full exploitation of JLab 12 GeV Upgrade  A Large Acceptance Detector AND Can Handle High Luminosity ( ) Take advantage of latest development in detectors, data acquisitions and simulations Reach ultimate precision for SIDIS (TMDs), PVDIS in high-x region and threshold J/  5 highly rated experiments approved Three SIDIS experiments, one PVDIS, one J/  production Bonus: di-hadron, Inclusive-SSA, and more (EMC-PVDIS on 48Ca, TCS, …) to come Strong collaboration (200+ collaborators from 50+ institutes, 11 countries) Significant international contributions Solenoidal Large Intensity Device

Solenoid Magnet: CLEOII magnet with modifications EM Calorimeter: particle identification, mainly electron PID SIDIS forward + Large-angle PVDIS forward only Light Gas Cherenkov: electron PID Heavy Gas Cherenkov: hadron (pion) PID, only for SIDIS Baffles: reduce background, only for PVDIS Data Acquisition: Hall D developed pipeline DAQ system Supporting Structure for magnet and detectors Infrastructure Dependencies: GEM detectors: tracking, to be provided by Chinese Collaboration MRPC: TOF for hadron (pion) PID, only for SIDIS, detector to be provided by Chinese Collaboration; readout electronics: joint. DAQ: FADC from JLab Physics Division electronics pool Magnet: disassembling/transportation, initial refurbishing by JLab Beamline: standard instrumentation operational. SoLID Base Equipment

 Standard or will be available instrumentation: SIDIS(n): T/L polarized 3He target, standard/achieved performance J/  : LH2 target, standard, modification in configuration PVDIS: Compton and Moller polarimeters required by MOLLOR and PREX  Equipment needs additional resource: PVDIS: custom high-power cryotarget, ESR2 assumed available (required by MOLLER) SIDIS(p): Transversely polarized NH3 target Experiment-Specific Dependencies

1)Magnet: OD=3m, ID=1m, L> 3m. Bmax>1.35 T, BdL=5 T m. acceptance:  ~ 2 ,  : 8 o -24 o (SIDIS) / 22 o -35 o (PVDIS), P: 1-7 GeV resolution: dp/p ~ 2% (requires 0.1 mm tracking resolution) fringe field at the front end < 5 Gauss 2)GEM: 6 planes (SIDIS), 5 planes (PVDIS), area ~ 37 m 2, 165K ch’s, tracking eff > 90%, radial r resolution 0.1 mm high rate and high radiation environment 3)EM Calorimeter:Shashlyk sampling (leadscintillator/fiber) calorimeter 1800 preshower(2 RL) and 1800 module shower (18 RL) module area=100 cm 2, 300 scientillator pedal detector (SPD) (5mm) in front. Resolution ~ 10%/SQRT(E)  suppression 50:1 with electron eff >90% 5:1 photo suppression Radiation hard (<20% decreasing in gain after 400KRad) Trigger rate < 600 KHz (20KHz/sector) (EC+LG Cherenkov) Technical Requirements and Setup (I)

4) Light Gas Cherenkov: SIDIS: 2 m, CO2 PVDIS: 1 m, C4F8O(65%)/N2(35%) 60 mirrors, 270 PMTs, area=20 m 2 # photoelectrons > 10, eff(e) > 90%  suppression > 500:1, for P < 4 GeV (SIDIS) / 3.2 GeV (PVDIS) field up to 200 G (100 G after  -metal shielding) 5) Heavy Gas Cherenkov: 1m, 1.5 atm C4F8O 30 mirrors, 480 PMTs, area=20 m 2 (active 8.5 m 2 ) # photoelectrons > 10, eff(  ) > 90%  suppression > 10:1 for P: GeV field up to 200 G (100 G after  -metal shielding) 6) MRPC: 50 super-modules, each 3 modules, 1650 strips, 3300 ch’s area=10 m 2, time resolustion > 100 ps K suppression ~ 20:1 for P< 2.5 GeV photo suppression > 10:1 works at high rate up to 10 KHz/cm 2 Technical Requirements and Setup (II)

SIDIS: DAQ can handle ~ 100 KHz (with event size of 2.6 KB) Single “electron” trigger (defined by EC+LGC+SPD+MRPC) rates ~ 160 KHz Single “  ” trigger rates (defined by EC*+SPD+MRPC) rates ~ 14 MHz SIDIS physics rates ~ 4 KHz Accidental coincidence rate ~ 65 KHz (30 ns window) Total e  coincidence rate ~ 70 KHz Trigger: 70 KHz (coincidence) + up to 30 KHz for prescaled singles PVDIS: ECal~ 8.7 MHz (new result, same as pCDR) LGC~ increased significantly? Coincidence (EC&LGC) ~ still ok? Trigger Rates

Five SoLID experiments approved by PAC (4 A, 1 A- rating) 3 SIDIS with polarized 3 He/p target, 1 PVDIS, 1 threshold J/  : CLEO-II magnet formally requested and agreed : Site visit, plan transportation to JLab (2016) : Progress - Spectrometer magnet, modifications - Detailed simulations - Detector pre-R&D - DAQ 2014: pre-CDR submitted for JLab Director’s Review Active collaboration, 200+ physicists from 50+ international institutions significant international contributions (China) SoLID Timeline and Status CLEO-II magnet

SoLID Detector Development Light Gas Cerenkov (Temple) ECal Module (UVA, W&M, Shandong) Simulations now with realistic backgrounds Heavy Gas Cerenkov (Duke) ECal Mounting Design (ANL)

GEM Progress GEM foils made at CIAE First full size prototype assembled at UVA, tested in beam (Fermi Lab) 30x30 cm prototype constructed, readout tested (CIAE/USTC/Tsinghua/Lanzhou) GEM foil production facility under development at CIAE (China) A MRPC prototype for SOLID-TOF in JLab Y. WangY. Wang, et al. JINST 8 (2013) P03003 (Tsinghua, USTC) MRPC – High Resolution TOF Timing resolution ~ 85 ps > 95 % efficiency Chinese Collaboration

Extensive studies in now, based on 1) CLEOII magnet with modification, preliminary engineering study 2) realistic simulations: physics, background and detectors 3) detector pre-R&D studies, including beam tests 4) DAQ similar to Hall D design, based on their experience Several internal reviews: two brainstorming session (Physics Division) and one informal external review (dry run) 1 st draft pCDR submitted to Physics Division end of 2013 Iterations on manpower/cost. Help from Division and Project office. Used Hall D actual expenditure of similar equipment (magnet/detectors/installation) as base for manpower/cost estimation Final pCDR submitted to JLab management in July, 2014 Preliminary Conceptual Design Report

SoLID Organization Structure

Executive Board and Chair Function: The Executive Board makes decisions on scientific and organizational choices and provide high level oversight on all matter pertaining to preparation and operation of the SoLID project. The Chair of EB is the science leader and the principle contact between the collaboration and the lab management/DOE. Will provide oversight and input to the PM for the SoLID project. The chair, together with the PM, is responsible for the performance and assessment of all subsystems. Initial members are the senior spokespeople plus the Hall leader (ex-officio) and the PM (ex-officio). Paul Souder (PVDIS), Haiyan Gao (SIDIS), Zein-Eddine Meziani (J/Psi), Thia Keppel (Hall Leader, ex-officio) and Jian-ping Chen (PM, ex-officio). Paul Souder is the 1 st Chair. It is expected that the Chair position will rotate.

Project Manager Function: The Project Manager (PM) will be in charge of executing the project and report to JLab management. The collaboration will provide advice and oversight, and member of the collaboration will work under PM in various roles to execute the project. For example, all subsystems coordinators will report to PM. PM has the authority and responsibility to manage the SoLID project. Jian-ping Chen is the initial PM.

Technical Board Function: Advises the PM on all aspects of the Project, including change in cost, scope or schedule. The TB will have a group of (usually senior) collaborators who represent the full range of required technical expertise and usually a member from each subsystem is expected to be on this board. This group will be appointed by the EB. In addition, TB will include PM and also project engineers when they are appointed. TB membership can be periodically adjusted by the EB as the situation warrants. The chair of the TB will be the PM. All EB members who are not already in TB are ex-officio members. Initial members are: Jian-ping Chen (Chair), Paul Souder, Haiyan Gao, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Thia Keppel (ex-officio); Alexandre Camsonne,, Eugene Chudakov, Tom Hemmick, Xiaodong Jiang, Nilanga Liyanage, Robert Michaels, Xin Qian, Paul Reimer, Yi Wang, Jianbei Liu, Xiaochao Zheng.

Sub-Systems Coordinators 1)Magnet: Robin Wines/ Paul Reimer; JLab, Argonne 2)GEM-US: Nilanga Liyanange / Bernd Surrow; UVa, Temple 3)GEM-China: Jiabei Liu/ Xiaomei Li; USTC, CIAE, Lanzhou, Tshinhua, IMP 4)Calorimeter: Xiaochao Zheng / Wouter Deconick/Chufeng Feng, UVa, W&M, Shandong (China), Argonne, Los Alamos 5)Light Gas Cherenkov: Zein-Eddine Meziani / Michael Paolone, Temple 6)Heavy Gas Cherenkov: Haiyan Gao / Mehdi Meziane, Duke 7)MRPC: Yi Wang/Alexandre Camsonne, Tsinghua, USTC, JLab, Duke 8)DAQ/Electronics: Alexandre Camsonne / Krishna Kumar/ Ron Gilman, JLab, Stone Brook, Rutgers 9)Simulation: Seamus Riordan / Zhiwen Zhao; UMass, ODU, Duke, Syracuse 10)Reconstruction and Analysis Software: Ole Hansen/Tom Hemmick; JLab, Stone Brook 11) Supporting Structure and Baffle: Robin Wines/Seamus Riordan; JLab, Argonne, Stone Brook 12) Hall Infrastructure Modifications: Robin Wines/Ed Folts; JLab 13)Installation: Ed Folts/Robin Wines; JLab, all user groups.