What do the following have in common?

Can you Identify the picture below?

Characteristics of Life Made of Cells Reproduce Metabolize (energy) Grow Respiration Respond to environmental changes

What do we know about viruses? Why are viruses not classified in any of the 6 kingdoms?

VIRUSES EBOLA RABIES FLU BACTERIOPHAGE Organic?

Virus Characteristics Do not use energy Do not reproduce Do not grow Do not respond to environment Are not cellular Obligate intracellular parasites

OLD ways of thinking –viruses Contain 2 of 4 organic compounds –Proteins and nucleic acids New: 4 of 4 organic compounds

Virus Defined Infectious pathogen that infects living cells, replicates inside cells making new viral particles causing disease DNA encased in a protein/carbohydrate coat

Types of Viruses Polyhedral enveloped helical

Types of Viral Diseases Rabies Ebola (hemorrhagic) Flu (influenza) HIV Hepatitis WE can only treat symptoms of viruses!!! We can not CURE!! Chicken pox Measles Rubella Mumps Smallpox Polio Yellow fever Parvovirus (canine) Dengue fever (hemorrhagic) Herpes

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Lysogenic Infection: Similar to lytic infection however important differences exist Instead of immediately replicating, viral DNA incorporates itself into the host cell's DNA. Will remain dormant for significant amounts of time. Give certain conditions (stress), the virus will enter it's lytic phase similar to a normal lytic infection

Vaccinations Stimulates Active immunity Injection of portion of virus (virus particles) that stimulate an immune response….causes body to make antibodies against particular diseases

Immune Responses Passive –Formation of antibodies –To the fetus thru the placenta, thru breastmilk, thru administration of plasma (artificial) Active –Formation of your own antibodies –Vaccinations –by contracting an infectious disease by exposure of an antigen

What are they? Proteinaceous infectious particles –Infect brain or other neural tissue –Untreatable and fatal –β sheets are thought to lead to amyloid aggregation.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Also known as "Mad Cow Disease" Infected animals act strangely and can be aggressive Spread rapidly through Britain by rendering infected animals into cattle feed

Scrapie Recognized in sheep and goats for more than 250 years 1982  1st identified as a prion disease

Kuru “laughing death” New Guinea Muscle weakness, loss of coordination, tremors, inappropriate episodes of laughter or crying Was the most common death of women Mortuary feasting –Forbidden by Australian government in 1950’s /begin/dna/prions/

Viroid Single strand of RNA (THAT’S IT!!) Infects plants 1 viroid disease has killed over 10 million coconut palms in the Philippines