Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Personality and Cultural Values Chapter 9

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9-3 Personality The structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior ๏ Where does your personality come from?

9-4 Personality Nature vs. Nurture ๏ Are you extraverted or introverted? How does that compare to your parents? ๏ Do such similarities represent nature or nurture?

9-5 Personality Nature vs. Nurture ๏ Twin Studies ๏ Scientists study identical twins reared apart in order to separate nature and nurture effects ๏ This research suggests that between 35% and 49% of the variation in personality is due to genetics

9-6 Personality While we could come up with thousands of adjectives, most of them would cluster around five general dimensions We call these dimensions the “Big Five” How do you score on them?

9-7 Conscientiousness Relevant adjectives: ๏ Dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, persevering ๏ What’s your score?

9-8 Agreeableness Relevant adjectives: ๏ Kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, warm ๏ What’s your score?

9-9 Neuroticism Relevant adjectives: ๏ Nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, unstable ๏ What’s your score?

9-10 Neuroticism

9-11 Extraversion Relevant adjectives: ๏ Talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, dominant ๏ What’s your score?

9-12 Openness to Experience Relevant adjectives: ๏ Curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, sophisticated ๏ What’s your score?

9-13 Other Personality Variables Locus of control ๏ Strongly correlated with neuroticism ๏ Reflects the distinction between believing that events are driven by luck, chance, or fate, versus people’s own behaviors

9-14 Other Personality Variables Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ๏ Extraversion vs. Introversion ๏ Sensing vs. Intuition ๏ Thinking vs. Feeling ๏ Judging vs. Perceiving

9-15 Other Personality Variables The RIASEC Model

9-16 Other Personality Variables An increasing number of organizations are attempting to measure “honesty” or “integrity” for use in hiring. Why? Such measures tap three of the Big Five: ๏ High conscientiousness ๏ Low neuroticism ๏ High agreeableness

9-17 Integrity Tests

9-18 Integrity Tests The fact that integrity tests work may be surprising, because we would expect that people would lie about (or at least exaggerate) their integrity ๏ Such concerns over “faking” also apply to measures of the Big Five

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9-22 Cultural Values Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture ๏ Cultural values provide societies with their own distinctive personalities

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9-24 Cultural Values Project GLOBE ๏ Power distance ๏ Uncertainty avoidance ๏ Institutional collectivism ๏ Ingroup collectivism ๏ Gender egalitarianism ๏ Assertiveness ๏ Future orientation ๏ Performance orientation ๏ Humane orientation

9-25 How Important is Personality?