“A pastoral voice by DODO Boureima, Executive-Secretary of Reseau Billital Maroobé (RBM), West Africa.” Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change, side event livestock November 3rd 2010, The Hague

RBM: who, with whom, what and where Essentials about pastoral livestock in WCA Productivity indicators Policy and research issues Communication Plan

Reseau (network) Billital Maroobé Founded: 2003 Countries: first 3 - Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger now 7 - Mauritania, Senegal, Benin, Nigeria Membership base and outreach: 16 federations + umbrella organisations representing +/ pastoralists & livestock keepers Alliances with ROPPA and APESS Structures: 1. General Assembly / Coordination Executive Secretary 2. national platforms 3. member’s organisations International partners: OXFAM, Agriterra, SNV, IIED, IUCN/WISP, OCDE/CSAO, FAO Regional partners: ECOWAS, UEMOA, CILSS, ALG

RBM per country in WCA

Building and strengthening the RBM: outreach and legitimity, structure, vision, strategy and governance Organisation of 3 international multi stakeholder fora on crossborder transhumance and cattle trade ( ) 4 crossborder meetings with members: learning and discussions on transhumance, trade, health, climate change (2006 – 2009) Major actions (1)

Policy influence in Niger and Mali (food security) and in Benin (suspension of Xborder transhumance) Policy dialogue with ECOWAS, UEMOA, CILSS, ALG Press release and open letter to Heads of State of CILSS alerting on fodder/food crisis’ risks in Sahelien countries ( ) Major actions (2)

3 pillars: people (resilience, entrepreneurs), animals (diversity, multifunctional), environment (natural, institutional) Mobility: variability / risks  productivity, market access >10% GDP, <2% national budgets Livestock / agricultural GDP: Soudan 80%, Sénégal 78%, Niger 84%, Mauritanie 33%, Mali 33%, Tchad 34%, Burkina Faso 24% (source: IWGIA, 3-4/09) Growing demand for animal products (ECOWAS >4% year) Pastoral livestock in WCA (1)

Sustainable livelihoods with comparative advantage for 20 millions people living in remote / fragile (semi-) arid areas Valorize the agro-ecological complementarity between areas (Xborder) Integrating factor of regional economies Backbone of rural economies, base of marketable products, biodiversity conservation Pastoral livestock in WCA (2)

Productivity indicatorsSedentaryTranshumantNomades Annual reproduction rate Mortality of cattle under the age of 1 yr (per 100 cows) 11,105,9 Weight of cattle at age of 300 days, in kg 98,180,688,3 Average number of milk producing days per year Quantities of milk (l/yr) per cow suitable for human consumption & milk production cycle Animal productivity by sedentary, transhumant and nomad livestock keepers in Niger * *Source : IIED, Modern and mobile, 2010

REDUCING VULNERABILITY, RAISING PRODUCTIVITY & PROFITABILITY: mobility, secured access to shared resources and land building social capital for conflict mitigation and risk insurance market development (accessibility, volatility) & finance empowerment of pastoral civil society and producer’s organisations (lobbying, service delivery) rule of law / effectiveness of public policies / investments ACTION RESEARCH ON TOTAL VALUE OF PASTORAL LIVESTOCK environmental services + market value - costs ACCES TO BASIC SERVICES IN PASTORAL AREAS Recommendations for farmers’ innovations & diversity management (1)

Recommendations / discussion points (2) Follow-up to AU and ECOWAS commitments to policy improvement and programme implementation in the livestock sector Farmer’s led implementation of carbon sequestration mechanisms through sustainable rangeland management Specificities of pastoral land tenure (shared resources) to be taken into account « One Africa approach » by pastoral civil society

Recommendations / discussion points (3) FAO « livestock’s long shadow » => 18% of GHG emissions. Only 3% imputable to the segment of animal production in the complete value chain… Value the pastoral communities for the management of the genetic resource base (intellectual proprety rights) Quote IIED/SOS Sahel UK, 2010: « Until we have a better understanding of the environmental impacts of the different livestock sectors, it is a mistake to conclude that mobile livestock keeping in Africa’s drylands does more harm, through it’s contribution to global warming, than good, through its contribution to national food security, economic growth and carbon sequestration. »