Introduction to TCP/IP

Agenda What Is TCP/IP? IP Addressing

What Is TCP/IP? A suite of protocols Rules that dictate how packets of information are sent across multiple networks Addressing Error checking

IP Internet Protocol (IP) –Determines where packets are routed based on their destination addresses –Breaks packets into smaller packets and reassembles them

TCP/IP Transport Layer 21 FTP—File Transfer Protocol 23 Telnet 25 SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 37 Time 69 TFTP—Trivial File Transfer Protocol 79 Finger 103 X SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol 162 SNMPTRAP

TCP/IP Applications Application layer –File Transfer Protocol (FTP) –Remote Login (Telnet) – (SMTP) Transport layer –Transport Control Protocol (TCP) –User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Network layer –Internet Protocol (IP) Data link & physical layer –LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc. –WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol Unreliable Fast Assumes application will retransmit on error Often used in diskless workstations

ICMP Ping

IPv4 Addressing 32-bit addresses Commonly expressed in dotted decimal format (e.g., ) Each “dotted decimal” is commonly called an octet (8 bits)

IP Addressing—Three Classes Class A: NET.HOST.HOST.HOST Class B: NET.NET.HOST.HOST Class C: NET.NET.NET.HOST

IP Addressing—Class A Network # 10 Host # Range of class A network IDs: 1–126 Number of available hosts: 16,777,214

IP Addressing—Class B Network # Host # Range of class B network IDs: 128.1– Number of available hosts: 65,534

IP Addressing—Class C Network # Host # 1 Range of class C network IDs: – Number of available hosts: 254

IP Network Address Classes # Networks ,384 2,097,152 # Hosts ,534 16,777,214 Class A B C Class A Class B Class C Network Address Space Host Address Space Example

IP Subnetting Subnets allow routing by ranges

IP Subnet Mask Given: Address = Subnet Mask = Subnet =

IP Address Assignment ISPs assign addresses to customers IANA assigns addresses to ISPs CIDR block: bundle of addresses

IPv6 Addressing 128-bit addresses –340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses Example: 5F1B:DF00:CE3E:E200:0020:0800:5AFC:2B36 Example: 0:0:0:0:0:0:

Summary TCP/IP is a suite of protocols TCP/IP defines communications between computers on the Internet IP determines where packets are routed based on their destination address TCP ensures packets arrive correctly at their destination address