Unit 2: The 1st People of North America SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American culture and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures prior to European contact. SS8E1: Examples of goods & services produced during different historical periods.

AGENDA Message/Homework September 4, 2012 Answer the following five questions that will be due on Thursday… (1) What is the difference between an archaeologist and an anthropologist? (2) Which prehistoric Indian culture came first? (3) Which prehistoric Indians were the first to live in Georgia? (4) Why did the Archaic Indians become permanent settlers? (5) What are three types of weapons that the Archaic Indians used to hunt small game with from 8,000 to 1,000 BC?

Unit 2 Vocabulary Anthropologist Archaeologist Artifacts Civilization Use the glossary, in your textbook to define the following vocabulary words: Anthropologist Archaeologist Artifacts Civilization Culture Hierarchy Prehistoric

Warm-up What does Prehistoric mean to you? The Flintstones

GEORGIA’s PREHISTORIC INDIANS Traditions Dates Tools & Weapons Food Dwellings (Homes) Evidence of Religion Paleo Archaic Woodland Mississippian

Paleo Archaic Woodland Mississippian 8000 BC to 1000 BC Early Middle Late Woodland 1000 BC to 1000 AD Huts Grass roofs Mounds Mississippian 700 AD to 1600 AD Large villages Ceremonial Buildings Where Did They Go? Before 10,0000 Nomads Groups 25-50 people

Prehistoric Period Ancient people came from Asia to the Americas. Over time, they developed complex civilizations.

Beringia: A bridge of land that existed 12,000+ years ago.

Paleo-Indian Period Also known as the Paleolithic Period, this is the earliest known timeframe for inhabitants living in North America. Before 10,000 B.C. Occurred when the glaciers or the Ice Age started melting.

Paleo-Indian Period Paleo-Indians hunted large game, gathered plant foods, and fished. Extinction of large game animals ended the Paleo-Indian way of life. They used “Clovis” point spears (sharpen stone point attached to a wooden stick). Paleo-Indians were nomads

Archaic Indian Period Around 8,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C. Earth’s climate became warmer (Forests) Scientists believed the Archaic Indians were the 1st culture of Georgia. Created better techniques for fishing, gathering, & hunting They used a varied shaped small spear points. Made crude axes made from stone to hunt small animals & chop down trees.

Archaic Indian Period They became permanent settlers, who established villages. The Native Americans of this period began to grow some crops. They lived under circular rock shelters (pit houses) made of clay and logs. The pit houses had room that were either partially or entirely underground.

Archaic Indian Period Artifacts suggest that they carved bowls out of stone, which they traded with other Native Americans in different regions for tools and utensils.

Woodland Indian Period 1,000 B.C. to 1000 A.D. Developed agriculture: cleared fields, planted, & harvested crops (squash, beans, & maize) They produced enough food to store for winter & early spring months.

Woodland Indian Period They developed: bows and arrows for hunting well-developed pottery with patterns & designs They built: Villages with storage facilities that were protected by surrounding walls Burial mounds

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American culture and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures prior to European contact. SS8E1: Examples of goods & services produced during different historical periods.

Mississippian Period 700 A.D. to 1600 A.D. Began along the Mississippi & Ohio River valleys In Georgia, they settled along the Ocmulgee, Savannah, Chattahoochee, and Coosa Rivers. They learned how to plant a new type of corn as well as beans from Mexico.

Mississippian Period Mississippian culture demonstrated the following features of civilization: cities that were centers of trade specialized jobs organized religion and government record keeping advanced tools Mississippian society was organized into social hierarchies.

Mississippian Period Towns had 20 flat-topped pyramids with wooden palisades or moats made of dirt. These flat-topped pyramids of the Mississippian culture are also found in Mexico and Guatemala. This suggests they had contact with cultures of Mexico and Guatemala. Also, their pottery shows Mexican influence. Their artifacts include: stone axes, bowls, & pipes Created more decorative pottery (shaped like humans or animal heads, long neck jugs, round-bottom pots, & painted pottery).

Mississippian Period

Respond in a paragraph or more Warm-Up Writing Prompt Topic: What do you think archaeologists and anthropologists of future centuries will think about today’s eighth graders, their schools, and their homes? What artifacts do you think might be used as evidence to describe your society? Respond in a paragraph or more

TICKET OUT THE DOOR Your assignment is to answer #2-4 on page 29. Turn this assignment in for a classwork grade!